!!!Kazakhstan: People & Society ||Population|18,360,353 (July 2016 est.) ||Nationality|''noun'': Kazakhstani(s) \\ ''adjective'': Kazakhstani \\ ||Ethnic groups|Kazakh (Qazaq) 63.1%, Russian 23.7%, Uzbek 2.9%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Uighur 1.4%, Tatar 1.3%, German 1.1%, other 4.4% (2009 est.) ||Languages|Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 74% (understand spoken language), Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language) (2009 est.) ||Religions|Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.) ||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 25.68% (male 2,336,444/female 2,378,769) \\ ''15-24 years'': 14.66% (male 1,371,133/female 1,319,938) \\ ''25-54 years'': 42.5% (male 3,808,164/female 3,994,781) \\ ''55-64 years'': 9.77% (male 784,035/female 1,008,935) \\ ''65 years and over'': 7.4% (male 470,485/female 887,669) (2016 est.) \\ ||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 50.3% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 40.1% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 10.1% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 9.9% (2015 est.) \\ ||Median age|''total'': 30.3 years \\ ''male'': 29 years \\ ''female'': 31.6 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Population growth rate|1.09% (2016 est.) ||Birth rate|18.7 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Death rate|8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Net migration rate|0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Population distribution|most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country ||Urbanization|''urban population'': 53.2% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 0.86% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ ||Major urban areas - population|Almaty 1.523 million; ASTANA (capital) 759,000 (2015) ||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 0.94 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 0.98 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1.04 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 0.95 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.78 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.53 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 0.92 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ ||Mother's mean age at first birth|25 (2013 est.) ||Maternal mortality rate|12 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) ||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 20.3 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ ||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 70.8 years \\ ''male'': 65.6 years \\ ''female'': 75.7 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Total fertility rate|2.28 children born/woman (2016 est.) ||Contraceptive prevalence rate|51% (2010/11) ||Health expenditures|4.4% of GDP (2014) ||Physicians density|3.62 physicians/1,000 population (2013) ||Hospital bed density|7.2 beds/1,000 population (2012) ||Drinking water source|''improved'': \\ urban: 99.4% of population \\ rural: 85.6% of population \\ total: 92.9% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 0.6% of population \\ rural: 14.4% of population \\ total: 7.1% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||Sanitation facility access|''improved'': \\ urban: 97% of population \\ rural: 98.1% of population \\ total: 97.5% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 3% of population \\ rural: 1.9% of population \\ total: 2.5% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|0.21% (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|23,100 (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - deaths|500 (2015 est.) ||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|23.5% (2014) ||Children under the age of 5 years underweight|3.7% (2011) ||Education expenditures|3.1% of GDP (2009) ||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write \\ ''total population'': 99.8% \\ ''male'': 99.8% \\ ''female'': 99.8% (2015 est.) \\ ||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 15 years \\ ''male'': 15 years \\ ''female'': 15 years (2015) \\ ||Child labor - children ages 5-14|''total number'': 59,254 \\ ''percentage'': 2% (2006 est.) \\ ||Unemployment, youth ages 15-24|''total'': 3.9% \\ ''male'': 3.6% \\ ''female'': 4.3% (2013 est.) \\