!!!Tajikistan: Government
||Country name|''conventional long form'': Republic of Tajikistan \\ ''conventional short form'': Tajikistan \\ ''local long form'': Jumhurii Tojikiston \\ ''local short form'': Tojikiston \\ ''former'': Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic \\ ''etymology'': the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Tajikistan literally means "Land of the Tajik (people)" \\ 
||Government type|presidential republic
||Capital|Dushanbe[{GoogleMap location='Dushanbe' zoom='6'}] \\ ''geographic coordinates'': 38 33 N, 68 46 E \\ ''time difference'': UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) \\ 
||Administrative divisions|2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon (Gorno-Badakhshan)* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand) \\ ''__note__'': the administrative center name follows in parentheses \\ 
||Independence|9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
||National holiday|Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)
||Constitution|several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994; amended 1999, 2003, 2014 (2016)
||Legal system|civil law system
||International law organization participation|has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
||Citizenship|''citizenship by birth'': no \\ ''citizenship by descent only'': at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan \\ ''dual citizenship recognized'': no \\ ''residency requirement for naturalization'': 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application \\ 
||Suffrage|18 years of age; universal
||Executive branch|''chief of state'': President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) \\ ''head of government'': Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013) \\ ''cabinet'': Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly \\ ''elections/appointments'': president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for 2 terms); election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president \\ ''election results'': Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV (CPT)  5%, other 11.1% \\ 
||Legislative branch|''description'': bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for the former president; members serve 5-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by two-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) \\ ''elections'': National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020) \\ ''election results'': National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65.4%, APT 11.7%, PERT 7.5%, SPT 5.5%, CPT 2.2%, DPT 1.7%, other 6%; seats by party - PDPT 51, APT 5, PERT 3, SPT 1, CPT 2, DPT 1 \\ 
||Judicial branch|''highest court(s)'': Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice-president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions) \\ ''judge selection and term of office'': Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms, but last appointment must occur before the age of 65 \\ ''subordinate courts'': regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region \\ 
||Political parties and leaders|Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT (Rustam LATIFZODA) \\ Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT (Shodi SHABDOLOV) \\ Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT (Saidjafar ISMONOV) \\ Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT (Olimjon BOBOEV) \\ People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT (Emomali RAHMON) \\ Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT (Rahmatullo ZOIROV) \\ Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT (Abduhalim GHAFOROV)
||Political pressure groups and leaders|Group 24 (Sharofiddin GADOEV) (banned) \\ New Tajikistan Party (Zayd SAIDOV) (unregistered, SAIDOV jailed since 2013) \\ Vatandor (Patriot) Movement (Dodojon ATOVULLOEV) \\ Youth for the Revival of Tajikistan (Maqsud IBROHIMOV) (banned, IBROHIMOV jailed in 2015) \\ Youth Party of Tajikistan (Izzat AMON) (unregistered) \\ Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan or IRPT (Muhiddin KABIRI) (banned)
||International organization participation|ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
||Diplomatic representation in the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014) \\ ''chancery'': 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 \\ ''telephone'': (1) (202) 223-6090 \\ ''FAX'': (1) (202) 223-6091 \\ 
||Diplomatic representation from the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Elisabeth MILLARD (since 11 March 2016) \\ ''embassy'': 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019 \\ ''mailing address'': 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189 \\ ''telephone'': (992) (37) 229-20-00 \\ ''FAX'': (992) (37) 229-20-50 \\ 
||Flag description|three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness
||National symbol(s)|crown surmounted by seven, five-pointed stars; national colors: red, white, green
||National anthem|''name'': "Surudi milli" (National Anthem) \\ ''lyrics/music'': Gulnazar KELDI/Sulaimon YUDAKOV \\  \\ ''__note__'': adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics \\