!!!Italy: Geography
||Location|Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
||Geographic Coordinates|42 50 N, 12 50 E[{GoogleMap location='42.833332,12.833333' zoom='4'}]
||Area |''total: ''301,340 sq km\\''land: ''294,140 sq km\\''water: ''7,200 sq km\\''__note:__ ''includes Sardinia and Sicily\\[[__''Verified in 8 databases''__]
||Land boundaries|''total: ''1,836 km\\''border countries: ''Austria 404 km, France 476 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3 km, San Marino 37 km, Slovenia 218 km, Switzerland 698 km
||Coastline|7,600 km
||Elevation Extremes|''lowest point: ''Mediterranean Sea 0 m\\''highest point: ''Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)
||Highest Mountains|__Due to difference in mountain rankings taken from two data sources we are listing here both lists :__\\ According to [Wolfram|http://www.wolframalpha.com]: Mont Blanc 4810 m; Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 4748 m; Monte Rosa 4633 m; Nordend 4609 m; Zumsteinspitze 4563 m\\According to [Geonames|http://www.geonames.org]: Monte Rosa 4634 m; Naso del Liskamm 4272 m; Les Grandes Jorasses 4208 m; Strahlhorn 4190 m; Gran Paradiso 4061 m\\ \\__Attempted Explanation:__ Please help us to try to explain the discrepancies by sending us helpful information to [office@global-geography.org|mailto:office@global-geography.org] \\[Important Mountains|Geography/Europe/Italy/Geography/Important_Mountains]
||Terrain|mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
||Natural Hazards|regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Etna (elev. 3,330 m), which is in eruption as of 2010, is Europe's most active volcano; flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, which remains a threat to the millions of nearby residents in the Bay of Naples area, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini
||Natural Resource|coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land
||Land Use|''arable land: ''22.57%\\''permanent crops: ''8.37%\\''other: ''69.07% (2011)
||Climate|predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
||Irrigated Land|39,510 sq km (2007)
||Renewable Water Resources|191.3 cu km (2011)
||Environment_CurrentIssues|air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities
||Environment - international agreements|''party to: ''Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling\\''signed, but not ratified: ''none of the selected agreements
||Large Cities|Rome; Milan; Naples; Turin; Palermo\\ __[[Verified]__\\[Important Cities|Geography/Europe/Italy/Geography/Important_Cities]
||Geography-note|strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe\\[Important Rivers|Geography/Europe/Italy/Geography/Important_Rivers]\\[Important Lakes|Geography/Europe/Italy/Geography/Important_Lakes]