Seite - 167 - in Advanced Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 10 Kinetics of Heterogeneous Self-Propagating High- Temperature Reactions Christopher E. Shuck and Alexander S. Mukasyan Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70560 Provisionalchapter KineticsofHeterogeneousSelf-Propagating High-TemperatureReactions ChristopherE. Shuckand AlexanderS.Mukasyan Additional information isavailableat theendof thechapter Abstract In this chapter,wepresent anoverviewof experimental techniquesutilizedandkinetic data collected for exothermic self-sustained noncatalytic heterogeneous reactions. The data focuses on fiveprimary experimental techniques: electrothermal explosion, differ- entialthermalanalysis,electrothermography,combustionvelocity/temperatureanalyses, andseveraladvanced insitudiagnostics, including time-resolvedX-raydiffraction. Keywords: self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis (SHS), electrothermal explosion, electrothermography, combustionsynthesis,mechanical activation, high-energyballmilling, intermetallics, thermites 1. Introduction Self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a technological approach for fabrication ofmaterials,which involves self-sustained noncatalytic reactions [1–3]. Currently, there exist threemajor typesofSHSsystems: (i) gasless; (ii)withgasificationof initially solidprecursors; (iii) gas-solid.Within gasless systems, there are threemajor types of chemical reactions that occur: metal-metal, producing intermetallic (e.g., NiAl, NiTi), metal-nonmetal, leading to synthesis of borides, carbides and silicides (e.g., TiB2, TaC,MoSi2); nonmetal-nonmetal, pro- ducing ceramics (e.g., B4C, SiC). In thegasification reactions, oneof theprecursors is volatile, including such elements as S, Se, P, As, Sb. Finally, the gas-solid systems include reactions betweenmetals or nonmetalswith different gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, CO, andCO2leadingto formationofnitrides,oxides,hydridesandetc.These listsarebynomeans exhaustive, as different research groups are continually exploring the limits of SHS reactions with different systems, reactants, and conditions. In order to obtainmaterials with desired © TheAuthor(s). Licensee InTech.This chapter isdistributedunder thetermsof theCreativeCommons AttributionLicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),whichpermitsunrestricteduse, distribution, andeproduction inanymedium,providedtheoriginalwork isproperlycited. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.70560 © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.