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illuminators’ matErials and tEchniquEs
The broadening of the palette coincided with developments in theories of co-
lour, light and vision underway in Paris and Oxford by mid-century that gave rise
to a new discipline. Optics (perspectiva) emerged c. 1260‒1300 as a synthesis of Gre-
co-Roman, Arabic and early Christian concepts, and became part of the curriculum
in arts faculties across Europe.16 Its proponents revised the Aristotelian linear scale
of seven colours and extended it with infinite gradations of hues. Condensed in
popular manuals, encyclopaedias, vernacular literature and sermons, optics spread
beyond university circles. The perspectivists included members of the mendicant
orders who dominated the laity’s spiritual life by mid-century. Optical ideas may
have intrigued St Louis and his sister Isabelle, who had Dominican and Franciscan
confessors, or the likely patron of the Trinity Apocalypse, Eleanor of Provence, who
enjoyed close contacts with the Oxford Franciscans. It is inconceivable that artists,
especially those working for learned patrons, remained unaware of the new con-
cepts about colour.17 Their images reveal more than awareness – they contributed
Stones, Gothic Manuscripts (cit. n. 14), cat. no. I‒13. Stella Panayotova: A Royal Prayer
Book. Artistic Collaboration in the Psalter-Hours of Isabelle of France. In: Transactions
of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 16/3 (2018), pp. 309‒343.
16 David Lindberg: Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler, Chicago 1976. Katherine
Tachau: Vision and Certitude in the Age of Ockham. Leiden 1988.
17 Charles Parkhurst: Roger Bacon on Color. In: The Verbal and the Visual, ed. by Karl-Lud-
wig Selig / Elizabeth Sears, New York 1990, pp. 151‒201. Stahl, Picturing Kingship (cit. n.
14), pp. 128‒130. Stella Panayotova: Colour Theory, Optics and Manuscript Illumination. pl. 2a: Psalter of St Louis. Paris,
c. 1265–1270. Paris, Bibliothèque
nationale de France, lat. 10525,
fol. 76r
pl. 2b-c: Psalter-Hours of Isabelle
of France. Paris, c. 1265–1270.
Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum,
MS 300, fols. 177v (b), 220r (c)
Europäische Bild- und Buchkultur im 13. Jahrhundert
- Titel
- Europäische Bild- und Buchkultur im 13. Jahrhundert
- Autor
- Christine Beier
- Herausgeber
- Michaela Schuller-Juckes
- Verlag
- Böhlau Verlag
- Ort
- Wien
- Datum
- 2020
- Sprache
- deutsch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-21193-8
- Abmessungen
- 18.5 x 27.8 cm
- Seiten
- 290
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Chroniken