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4.2.1 Influence of Temperature on Vector Mosquitoes
and Associated Pathogens
In holometabolous vector mosquitoes, larval rearing temperature influences devel-
opment times (Delatte et al. 2009; Reiskind and Janairo 2015; Couret et al. 2014;
MĂŒller et al. 2018), larval survival (Chang et al. 2007; Delatte et al. 2009; Couret
et al. 2014; MĂŒller et al. 2018), adult longevity (Aytekin et al. 2009; Delatte et al.
2009), length of female gonotrophic cycle (Delatte etÂ
al. 2009), and adult body size
(Briegel and Timmermann 2001; Mohammed and Chadee 2011; Muturi etÂ
al. 2011).
In arboviruses, temperature effects plaque growth (Jia et al. 2007) and replication
speed (Kilpatrick et al. 2008). In addition, mosquito-arbovirus interactions such as
virus susceptibility (Turell 1993; Kilpatrick et al. 2008; Westbrook et al. 2010),
prevalence of dissemination (Turell 1993, Kilpatrick et al. 2008, Westbrook et al.
2010), transmission rate (Kilpatrick et al. 2008) and extrinsic incubation period
(Chan and Johansson 2012) are influenced by temperature (reviewed in Samuel
et al. 2016).
Altogether, temperature plays a key role in determining the viral transmission
areas (Bayoh and Lindsay 2003; Lambrechts et al. 2010; Kilpatrick et al. 2008).
Studies have shown that the ambient rearing temperature at immature stages influ-
ences the virus susceptibility and dissemination rate at adult stages for chikungunya
virus in Aedes albopictus (Westbrook et al. 2010), Rift Valley fever virus and
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in Ae. taeniorhynchus (Turell 1993) and
Sindbis virus in Ae. aegypti (Muturi et al. 2011). Adult females of Ae. albopictus
produced from larvae reared at 18 °C were more likely infected and disseminated
with chikungunya virus than females from larvae reared at 32 °C (Westbrook et al.
2010) and Ae. taeniorhynchus females reared at 19Â
°C as larvae had a higher suscep-
tibility and dissemination-prevalence for Rift Valley fever virus and Venezuelan
equine encephalitis virus than larval cohorts reared at 26 °C (Turell 1993). Ae.
aegypti females showed significantly higher infection and insemination rates with
Sindbis virus when reared at their optimal larval temperature (25 °C) than when
reared under temperature stress at 32Â
°C (Muturi etÂ
al. 2011). Therefore, knowledge
on temperature effects triggering vector mosquitoesâ mortality and development is
important to explain disease outbreaks (Bangs et al. 2006).
4.2.2 Distributional Changes of Mosquito Vector Species
Climate change will not uniformly increase the burden of VBDs, but changes will
differ between regions. In Ecuador, a modelling study examining the distributional
changes of 14 vector species under climate change demonstrated that some arthro-
pod vector species will become extinct in certain regions, while other regions, and
in particular the Andean highlands, will experience a novel VBD burden (Escobar
et al. 2016) (see Box 4.1). In accordance, the expansion of other VBDs such as
R. MĂŒller et al.
Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Titel
- Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Autoren
- Melissa Marselle
- Jutta Stadler
- Horst Korn
- Katherine Irvine
- Aletta Bonn
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-030-02318-8
- Abmessungen
- 15.5 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 508
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Environmental health, Applied ecology, Climate change, Biodiversity, Public health, Regional planning, Urban planning
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima