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included increased physical activity, reduced exposure to air and noise pollution,
and psychological relaxation. However, the mechanisms through which urban
green
space impacts climate change are much less understood.
To address the gaps in our understanding on the effectiveness of urban green
space interventions, the WHO Regional Office for Europe gathered experts on green
space and urban planning to discuss approaches to and experiences with urban
green space interventions. Based on a review of international research evidence and
a compilation of European case studies (WHO Regional Office for Europe 2017),
the expert meeting addressed the variety of green space intervention approaches and
their related impacts on environmental conditions, health status, social and mental
well-being, and equity. This chapter outlines the findings from this research, high-
lighting aspects to be considered when designing and evaluating urban green space
interventions that aim to maximize environmental, social and health benefits and to
address equity issues.
17.2 Urban Green Space Interventions
17.2.1 What Are Urban Green Space Interventions?
Urban green spaces are considered to be urban spaces covered by vegetation of any
kind. This includes smaller green space features (such as street trees and roadside
vegetation), green spaces not available for public access or recreational use (such as
green roofs and facades, or green space on private grounds), and larger green spaces
that provide various social and recreational functions (such as parks, playgrounds or
greenways).
Urban green space interventions are defined as urban green space changes that
significantly modify green space availability and features by creating new green
space, changing or improving existing green space, or removing or replacing green
space. The use of the term ‘urban green spaces’ should not be considered to conflict
with other commonly used terms and definitions, such as ‘green infrastructure’,
‘green corridors’ or ‘public open space’, which tend to be applied in urban and
regional planning.
On the basis of the evidence review, four main categories of urban green space
interventions were identified:
1. Park-based: Involve change to the physical environment only, or use a dual
approach combining a change to the physical environment with programming or
marketing events in order to promote use of parks.
2. Greenways/trails: Development of new greenways (typically continuous linear
corridor of green space facilitating walking, cycling and other activities) and
walking/cycling trails, or the modification of existing greenways or walking/
cycling trails, for example, through the addition of signage, or using a dual
approach (see above).
17 Environmental, Health and Equity Effects of Urban Green Space Interventions
Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Titel
- Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Autoren
- Melissa Marselle
- Jutta Stadler
- Horst Korn
- Katherine Irvine
- Aletta Bonn
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-030-02318-8
- Abmessungen
- 15.5 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 508
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Environmental health, Applied ecology, Climate change, Biodiversity, Public health, Regional planning, Urban planning
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima