Seite - 432 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

432 enhancing landscape and green spaces for human health  – are not explicitly set out. As such, it has to be assumed that landscape-health relationships are largely irrele- vant as a basis for political and administrative decisions, even if health impacts of intended land use changes have to be assessed by the SEA for local land-use plans, which, again, are mainly restricted to the avoidance or minimization of potential negative impacts of the plan, e.g. by noise and air pollution or the release of hazard- ous waste. More attention is paid to health in some informal planning concepts on urban development (Claßen and Mekel 2017; Rittel et  al. 2016), but there is no strong link to landscape plans. During the last few years, health has received increasing consideration in differ- ent documents (and sometimes additional funding) related to issues of landscape and urban green space planning, published by the German Ministry for Environment and Building (German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, BMUB)3 and the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN). In some cases, this is linked to the concepts of Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services, which, despite many possible points of cri- tique (e.g. Heiland et  al. 2016; Silvertown 2015), suggest an intention to raise awareness for a stronger consideration of health (and other human needs and inter- ests) in nature conservation, landscape planning and landscape architecture. Examples include the ‘Federal Green Infrastructure  Concept’ (BfN 2017a) and its underlying research report (Heiland et  al. 2017), the reports of TEEB Germany for urban and rural areas (Naturkapital Deutschland  – TEEB DE 2016a, b), the ‘Urban Green Infrastructure’ brochure with recommendations for municipalities (BfN 2017b) and the ‘White Paper on Urban Green’ (BMUB 2017). Rittel et  al. (2016), being a result of a research project funded by the BfN, directly addresses munici- palities in order to use synergies between landscape planning and health. It remains to be seen how these efforts and documents affect planning practice in the mid- to long-term perspective. 19.3.4 Landscape Planning and  Health in  the  UK As in Germany, public health has only become a formal consideration within the UK planning system relatively recently, although it should be noted that the promo- tion of public parks in urban areas in 19th century UK was premised on the need to protect the health of industrial workers. The current planning system is based con- ceptually on post-WW2 Town and Country Planning legislation, which made implicit (but not explicit) assumptions about the desirability of separating industrial zones from residential and recreational areas, in order to protect health. Currently, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) across the UK is promoted by the government’s Department of Health (DH) as a means to assess the health impact of 3 Since 2018: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). S. Heiland et al.