Seite - 470 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

470 20.6.3.2 Management Recommendations to  Improve the  Use of  Urban Green Spaces 28. Utilising physical interventions: Access to a green space does not necessarily result in its use. Physical design and management can improve the biodiversity quality and aid the use of green spaces. Physical interventions to facilitate use involves considering the needs of different users in the local community as well as long-term health, social and environmental effects. Management plans for green spaces should ensure these spaces are maintained in order to avoid per- ceptions of neglect, as overgrowth and/or broken benches/play structures/rub- bish can increase fear of crime and reduce use. 29. Employing social interventions: To further encourage use, promotion and mar- keting events should be used in combination with physical interventions. It is especially important to target interventions to individuals in socially-deprived neighbourhoods. Practitioners should use nature-based social-prescribing interventions, such as health walks in forests, conservation volunteering or therapeutic gardens, to encourage use of and contact with biodiverse green spaces. 30. Monitoring impact: In order to develop evidence of impact and economic value, it is important to implement robust monitoring and evaluation of the effect of nature-based solutions on climate change adaptation, human health and well- being, and biodiversity. This will help to advance both management and policy in the interconnected field of biodiversity, health and climate change. 20.7 Outlook Facing global challenges, we need concerted action to foster human health and biodiversity, the foundation of life. It is time to act now and to urgently address increasing health issues and to harness NBS to health promotion. In a changing climate the importance for nature-based solutions for human health will increase. In the long run modern combinations of nature-based solutions with technical solu- tions will be the cheaper alternative in comparison with choosing technical solu- tions on their own. Nature-based solutions have additional advantages in that they can pose win- win- win solutions for biodiversity, human health and adaptation to climate change, and their management actions are more easily reversible and adaptable. In international policy, practice and research, the issue of biodiversity and human health, with a link to climate change as a major stressor for both, is high on the agenda. Research is focusing attention on this topic with new transdisciplinary research programmes. Since climate change will exacerbate societal problems with respect to health, policy needs to act now to put scientific evidence into real action. We hope this volume provides a critical overview and evaluation of the interlink- M. R. Marselle et al.