Seite - 561 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

Fig. 3 Various Aspects of Dam Clinic [13] 3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF LARGE DAMS According to the guidelines of the International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD), the damaging environmental effects of dams can be categorized as follows. 1. Physical and Chemical Effects: Creation barrier motion, sedimentation in reservoirs, severe erosion along the river, valve blockage, fog formation and raising the relative humidity, climate changes, ground shaking, increased surface evaporation, rising ground water, changing lands to salinity . 2. Biological Effects: reduce nutrient concentrations downstream of dams, Plankton growth, plant growth, extinction of some species, getting limited fish spawning areas, thermal stratification, production of new species, decline in fish populations, serious changes in water quality, increased opacity of water, Release of toxic substances (pesticides, toxic metals, etc.), increasing the concentration of pollutants in the intake water in periods of water shortage, deterioration of vegetation, Greenhouse gas emissions Dam Clinic CMMS Sedime nt Issues Water Quality/Q uantity Seismog raphy Acceler ography Instrum entation Risk Manage ment Training /Resear ch Value Enginee ring Procure ment HSSE Contrac ts Social Issues 561