Seite - 1548 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

SUMMARY Increasing urban population and the pace of industrial and other developments led to increase in water demand. Many of metropolitan and urban cities are facing acute shortage of water for domestic and industrial purposes To reduce the stress on water supply infrastructure, existing water sources are utilized to fullest and new sources are continuously added to augment the water supply. Major problems in design of tunnel for water flow are flow conditions in approach to tunnels, in tunnel and downstream of tunnel. Even though art of tunneling is very old and well documented, new challenges in design and construction in difficult situations are added over the years. In this paper various hydraulic aspects related to tunnel interlinking rivers are described. Major head loss in tunnel flow is due to friction. Detailed information on investigation by various researchers related to friction factor is attached in Annexure A. Key Words: Discharge, Diversion Tunnel, Explicit Equation, Friction Factor ANNEXURE-A TABLE -1. Application of Friction Factor Formulae for estimation of frictional loss in Tunnel flow 1548