Seite - 43 - in Cancer Nanotheranostics - What Have We Learnd So Far?

Dawidczyket al. Nanomedicines for cancer therapy SUMMARY Nanoparticle-based delivery systems provide new opportunities toovercomethe limitationsassociatedwithtraditionaldrugther- apy and to achieve both therapeutic anddiagnostic functions in the same platform. The efficiency of drug or gene delivery to a tumorsite isdependentonthephysico-chemicalpropertiesofthe delivery platformand a range of physiologically imposeddesign constraints including clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and extravasation from circulation at the tumor site by theenhancedpermeabilityandretentioneffect. The lack of uniformity in pre-clinical trials of nanoparticle- based delivery systems has prevented systematic comparison of these studies andhas been an impediment to developing design rules fornewsystemsor specific applications.Of the largenum- berofpre-clinical trials, surprisingly fewreportquantitativedata on parameters that would be useful in developing design rules fornanomedicines.Thepoorexperimentaldesignandvariability of experimental conditions also contribute to slowdevelopment of the field and the lack of clinical impact.We highlight some of theproblemswithpre-clinical trials nanoparticle-baseddeliv- ery systemsandsuggest somesolutions to increase the impactof individual studies. SUPPLEMENTARYMATERIAL The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://www.frontiersin.org/journal/10.3389/fchem. 2014.00069/abstract REFERENCES Adamis, A. P., Altaweel, M., Bressler, N. M., Cunningham, E. T., Davis, M. D., Goldbaum,M.,etal. 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