Seite - (000036) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

paradox of climate interventions thatmake a local difference but do not seem to impact at the global level. Sevencomprehensiveevaluationswillbeassessedandtheevidence theypresent of the discrepancybetweenmicro andmacro impactwill be judged.Thefirst four werepresentedat the2nd InternationalConferenceonEvaluatingClimateChange andDevelopment; the last threewere added as they emerged in the sameyear and complement the picture: 1. The Fifth Overall Performance Study of the Global Environment Facility, undertakenby the IndependentEvaluationOfficeof theGEF; 2. The Independent Evaluation of the Climate Investment Funds, undertaken by ICFInternationalonbehalfof thefiveindependentevaluationdepartmentsof the multilateral development banks; 3. The evaluation of climate change support in the Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, conductedby theOfficeofEvaluation andOversight of the IDB; 4. The evaluation of the effectiveness of Swiss International Cooperation in cli- mate change, conducted by a consortium led by Gaia Consulting Oy for the SwissAgency forDevelopment and theStateSecretariat forEconomicAffairs; 5. The real-time evaluation of initiatives of the Asian Development Bank to support access to climate finance, implemented by the Independent Evaluation Department of theADB; 6. Thereal-timeevaluationofNorway’s InternationalClimateandForest Initiative (NICFI), undertakenby a consortium ledbyLTS International; 7. The external evaluation of the UN-REDD programme (Reducing Emissions fromDeforestation andForestDegradation inDevelopingCountries). Furthermore, we will also include the older but still highly relevant climate changeevaluationsoftheIndependentEvaluationGroupoftheWorldBank(World Bank/IEG2009, 2010, 2012), aswell as the FourthOverall PerformanceStudyof theGlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF/EO2010), the precursor toOPS5. 2.2 TheMicro-MacroParadox:SuccessfulClimateAction ButNoGlobal Impact? Themicro-macroparadoxof successful environmental interventionswas raisedby one of the authors in a keynote address at the Second Global Assembly of the InternationalDevelopmentEvaluationAssociation inAmman, Jordan, on14April 2011 (vandenBerg2011).The argument is that a sizeable proportionof interven- tions were demonstrated to have direct and long-term impact in the sense of achieving lasting success in for example reducing greenhouse gas emissions from a specific source, but they havemade no impact on global environmental trends, that have continued their downward slide. This is the case for climate change, for the historical loss of biodiversity that is now increasingly seen as a humancaused 2 ActiononClimateChange:WhatDoes ItMean andWhereDoes ItLeadTo? 15