Seite - (000077) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

The increasing complexity of the challenges, particularly with regard to their impacts onpoor andvulnerable populations, requires a rethinkingof our approach toR4D. CGIARhas taken on this challenge by broadening its portfolio ofmajor newinitiativesforstrategicresearch.Afirst roundofsomehalf-a-dozen ‘Challenge Programs’were mandated to develop new R4Dmodels over a period of up to 10years, starting in2002(CGIAR2015b).Box4.2describesoneexampleof these programs, focusingonwater and food. Box4.2:ChallengeProgramonWaterandFood The CGIAR Challenge Program onWater and Food (CPWF) piloted new ways of increasing the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production. From 2002 to 2013, the program supported more than 120 research projects in ten of the world’s largest river basins (Hall et al. 2014; Harrington and Fisher 2014). The program early on developed IPs and theories of change for its R4D river basin programs. FromaMonitoring andEvaluation (M&E) perspective this includedresults-basedandadaptivemanagementaswell as learning-oriented approaches. The insights and knowledge gained fromCPWF’s 12 years of work are being integrated into anotherCGIARResearchProgramonWater, Land andEcosystems. In a second round, from2010onwards, 16CGIARResearchPrograms (CRPs) were set up in a 5-yearfirst phase (CGIAR2015c).Themajor reorientation of the R4Dportfoliowas in themove fromanoutput focus to anoutcome focus.Success wasnowtobemeasured in termsof theCRP’s contribution tobehavioral changes, manifested inchanges inknowledge,attitudesandskillsandpracticesofawideset ofnon-researchnextusers, includingdevelopmentpractitioners, farmersandpolicy makers. Through approaches such as results-basedmanagement, theories of change and impact pathways, the term outcome came into focus. Organizations such as the InternationalDevelopmentResearchCenter(IDRC)wereearlydevelopersofM&E tools to capture andmeasureoutcomes through their ‘OutcomeMapping’method- ology (Earl et al. 2001).WithinCGIAR, ‘Participatory ImpactPathwaysAnalysis’ (PIPA) (Douthwaite et al. 2003, 2007)was developed under theCPWF tounpack processes andmechanisms in the realmofoutcomes. Towards the endof thefirst phase, 4 of the 16CGIARresearch programswere tasked to develop a comprehensive, suitable and lean results-based management approach for research for development, initially for a period of 12months. The followingsectiondescribeshowtheCGIARResearchProgramonClimateChange, AgricultureandFoodSecurity (CCAFS)developedand implemented itsRBMtrial andhighlights themain lessons learnt. 58 T.Schuetz et al.