Seite - (000137) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

measured andmonitored from the project. This will result in “calculated project emissions” that are larger than “actual project emissions”. In this case, emission reductions tobe credited aredefinedas thedifferencebetweenBaUemissions and “calculatedproject emissions” (Fig. 7.3). Reference emissions can be determined by conducting a survey on the best available or most widely used technology in the partner country, from legal requirements, the current situation and performance or average historical perfor- manceat a relevantproject site, andvoluntary standardsand/or targets, nationalor international. The use of national standards and regulations asmethodology refer- ence need to be supported13 and The use of internationally-recognized default values and rules for equipment calibrationneed tobe strengthened continuously. Procedures formarket surveysduringmethodologydevelopmentalsoneed tobe strengthenedas theyareheavilyusedindeterminingreferenceemissions.TheJoint Committees could consider setting a general standard for survey, data collection and renewal of reference. As reference condition are very likely to improve over time, reference emissions need to be adjusted periodically. A number ofmethod- ologies inIndonesiaandMongoliahaveset therequirementfor thedefaultvalues to be updated every 3 years. However, the responsible party for updating these methodologies needs to be clarified. Eligibility criteria are developed in a concise manner to reduce the risk of project rejection.Theyprovide specific requirements for eachproject and technol- ogy type, touching upon the concepts of ‘additionality’ and ‘applicability’ of pro- jectsunder theCDMtoacertainextent, throughaneasy-to-applysimple ‘checklist’ in each methodology. The number of project eligibility criteria defined by the 19 approved methodologies ranges from two to seven, with an average of four criteria in onemethodology.14Highly used criteria are the specification and com- ponents of technology, capacity of service, and the types of eligible activity (for example,newinstallationor replacementof technologies).Thesecriteria shouldbe specific but also general enough to enable them for use bymultiple projects, not only for the projects the methodologies are developed for. Ensuring this among countrieswill reduce the time and costs of project development. Fig. 7.3 Ways to realize net reduction (left: firstway, right: secondway) 13For example, methodology ID_AM005 refers to Indonesian national standard (SNI) for eligi- bilitycriteriaonroomilluminanceandMN_AM001refers toMongoliannational standard(MSN) for eligibility criteria on electricity transmission loss. 14IGES JCMDatabase, January2016. 7 Enhancing the JointCreditingMechanismMRVtoContribute toSustainable. . . 119