Seite - (000187) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

Chapter10 IntegratingAvoidedEmissions inClimate ChangeEvaluationPolicies forLDC:The CaseofPassiveSolarHouses inAfghanistan YannFranc¸ois andMarinaGavald~ao Abstract Inmany Least DevelopedCountries, theminimum level for basic ser- vices like energy access is not reached. In the cases of long-term investment in carbonintensive technologies, theexpansionofbasicservices is likely tocarrywith it a significant increase inGHGemissions.This chapter discuss the importance of accounting for theseavoidedemissions through thecase studyof thePassiveSolar Houses (PSH) inAfghanistan. InKabulwinters are cold and48%ofhouseholds cannot afford enough fuel to heat theirhouse.Toreducefuelsexpensesand improve livingconditions, theNGO GERESis supporting local artisans todisseminateaPSHmodelmadeofaveranda built on the south-facingpart of thehouse toconserve the sunenergycapturedand stored in thewalls.During the2013–2014winter, the fuel consumptionand indoor temperatureofPSHandcontrol housesweremonitored to assess the impact of the technology. The results showanenergysavingof23%resulting inannualgreenhousegases emission reduction of 0.37 tCO2e/year as well as an average indoor temperature increase of 1.43 Cto reach18.22 C.Then, a regressionmodelwas developed to estimate the emissions thatwould have occurred if the control group had reached the same indoor temperature than thePSHand, ina secondscenario, theminimum indoor temperature of 18 C recommended by theWHO. For both scenario, the avoided emission represent approximately half of the total climate changemitiga- tion impactwith 0.40 tCO2e/year and0.34 tCO2e/year respectively. Keywords Climatechangemitigation •Suppresseddemand •Avoidedemission • Passive solar houses •GERES •Afghanistan Y.Franc¸ois (*) •M.Gavald~ao GERES -Group for theEnvironment,RenewableEnergy andSolidarity,Aubagne, France e-mail: y.francois@geres.eu;m.gavaldao@geres.eu ©TheAuthor(s) 2017 J.I.Uitto et al. (eds.),EvaluatingClimateChangeAction for Sustainable Development,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-43702-6_10 171