Seite - 117 - in Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies - Conference Proceedings of the 17th STS Conference Graz 2018

behaviors since the humans appropriate the artifacts as the way they domesticate the animals and plants (Pantzar, 1997). Since nature and culture are co-evolving and interwoven (Wilson, 1998) the user approaches should be evolving accordingly. Introduction We are living in an environment which is dominated by artificial units. However, some argue that we are still under the effect of the life in the ancient natural environment. (Heerwagen, 2003; Kellert, 2008; Salingaros, 2015) Hence our behaviors towards the artifacts may resemble the way our ancestors approach the natural beings like domestication. Pantzar asserted that there was a significant analogy between the way of domesticating the technology today and the wild plants and animals 10,000 years ago (Pantzar, 1997). Pantzar referred to Hughes with: “Hughes emphasizes that technological systems are both socially constructed and society shaping.” (Pantzar, 1997). Edward O. Wilson who has a significant major in biophilia puts forward a similar view with Consilience. He employs a compromising position in the nature-culture discussion by defending gene-culture coevolution (Wilson, 1998). Recent technological developments are evolving with high speed, and each change causes new consumption patterns. New consumption patterns create new ecological issues, and to solve those issues; new technologies are developed. This cycle becomes vicious by newer developments, newer consumption patterns, and more ecological issues. Parallel to the technological developments, sustainability studies suggest new approaches. This proposal aims to propose a perspective for sustainability by the perspective of bio-inspiration. Bio-approaches share the same principle although they are called by different terms like biomimicry, biomimetics, bionic, bio-inspiration, etc. The essence of them in common is modeling themselves on nature. We can confront the types of bio-approach in the phases of design process like research & development, problem definition, idea generation, problem- solving and the technical details, engineering, production, distribution, marketing, waste- recycle-retrieval. However, it is not commonly issued in the phase of use although it is the longest part of some products' life cycle. To ‘bio'-approach to the habits of use products may be modeling a new sustainability method which is inspired by nature. This paper puts ‘biophilia' forward as the bio-approach to understand the foundation of the user preferences regarding products. That would be consistent with the first biomimic comes to mind Janine Benyus who defends the holistic approach to the nature inspiration (Benyus, 1997/2002). What is biophilia? Erich Fromm coined biophilia as "love of life" (Fromm, 1964, loc.396) and Edward O. Wilson defined it: "the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes" (Wilson, 1984). This concept was associated with the Gordon Orians' savanna hypothesis and became a hypothesis through the argument that claims the habits and preferences of savanna era are still effective on today's modern people choices. The fields of architectural and urban design issue and discuss biophilic design, but hitherto, biophilic perspective was not confronted in the literature of product design in the frame of the research. That is why the table Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design by Stephen R. Kellert is the primary reference and initial point of this study (Kellert, 2008, p.15). 117