Seite - 118 - in Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies - Conference Proceedings of the 17th STS Conference Graz 2018

Environmental features Natural shapes and forms Natural patterns and processes Light and space Place-based relationships Evolved human- nature relationships Color Botanical motifs Sensory variability Natural light Geographic connection to place Prospect and refuge Water Tree and columnar supports Information richness Filtered and diffused light Historic connection to place Order and complexity Air Animals (mainly vertebrate) motifs Age, change and the patina of time Light and shadow Ecological connection to place Curiosity and enticement Sunlight Shells and spirals Growth and efflorescence Reflected light Cultural connection to place Change and metamorphosis Plants Egg, oval and tubular forms Central focal point Light pools Indigenous materials Security and protection Animals Arches, vaults, domes Patterned wholes Warm light Landscape orientation Mastery and control Natural materials Shapes resisting straight lines and right angles Bounded spaces Light as shape and from Landscape features that define building form Affection and attachment Views and vistas Simulation of natural features Transitional spaces Spaciousness Landscape ecology Attraction and beauty Façade greening Biomorphy Linked series and chains Spatial variability Integration of culture and ecology Exploration and discovery Geology and landscape Geomorphology Integration of parts to wholes Space as shape and form Spirit of place Information and cognition Habitats and ecosystems Biomimicry Complementary contrasts Spatial harmony Avoiding placelessness Fear and awe Fire Dynamic balance and tension Inside-outside spaces Reverence and spirituality Fractals Hierarchically organized ratios and scales Table 1: Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design by Stephen R. Kellert (Kellert, 2008, p.15). Judith Heerwagen who has significant studies on biophilic spatial and urban design claims that innate biophilic tendencies are efficient on modern people's preferences today and the designing by considering this aspect can be manipulative on people's decisions of purchase, use and prefer. She said based on habitat selection theory; ecologist Gordon Orians contended that people are inwardly prone to the scenes that portrayed the African savannah where assumed to be the site of human evolution. Even though people presently live in a wide range of living spaces, our mind ought to be affected by the hunter and gatherer ancestors who had 118