Seite - 130 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 563 Figure3.LamandBauerbatterycircuitmodel. 3.3.WijewardanaBatteryModel Adifferentperception, than the twopreviousmodels, is adopted in thismodel. Theelectrical components,RS,CS,RL,CL are functionsofSOCandindependentof the temperature.Only theseries internal resistance resistor is a function of SOCand temperature (RintS(SOC,T)). The temperature influence isconsideredbyaddingpotential correctionterms,whicharevoltageduetoelectrodefilm formation (ΔE) andvoltage due to electrolyte electrons transfer formation (ΔVChe). The capacity fadingeffect ismodeledasanadditionalseriesresistanceRcyc. Thebatteryoutputvoltage iscomputed bysubtracting thevoltagedropofeachcircuit element fromtheVOCvalue. Figure4demonstrates Wijewardanabatterymodel. Figure4.Wijewardanabatterycircuitmodel. Thebatteryoutputvoltageof thismodel reads [1]: Vbatt “VOC´ i ` RintS`Rcyc ˘´V1´V2´ΔEpTq´ΔVChepTq (4) ΔEpTq“p1`CE1ΔTq dVrdT ˇˇˇˇ T“Tcell ΔT (5) ΔVChepTq“βwexpp´1{tqΔT` dVChedT ˇˇˇˇ T“Tcell pCChe`CChe1ΔTqp1`βqΔT (6) Thevaluesof themodelparametersare listed in theAppendix. 3.4.AssessmentofBatteryModelsQualities Threedifferenthighlydynamic tomodelLi-ionbatterieshavebeenproposed. Eachmodelhas its dominant features. Table 2 summaries the qualities of eachmodel. The (+) sign implies that the corresponded feature is considered in themodel. Whereas, a (++) sign denotes an extensive considerationtotherelatedfeature. Incontrast, the(-) signmeansthat therelatedfeaturewasassigned asaconstantor it isnotconsideredatall in themodel. Batterymodel2considersmorefactors than theothermodels. However, eachmodelmust be evaluatedwith experimental data to investigate itsaccuracy. 130