Seite - 176 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2017,10, 5 influencecausedbydifferentC-ratesof thecurrentprofiles,bandwidthsof thecurrentprofilesand temperatureeffectswillbeconsidered,andtheparameterextraction testwillbemodifiedaccordingly. Acknowledgments:Theauthorswould like toacknowledge the fundingsupport fromtheChinaScholarship Council (CSC); the U.S. DOE Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Center of Excellence; andNanjingGoldenDragonBusCo.,Ltd. AuthorContributions: JufengYanghandledthetechnicalmodeling,draftedandrevisedthemanuscript. BingXia revisedthemanuscript. JufengYangandBingXiadesignedtheexperimentsandanalyzedthedata.YunlongShang participated in theexperiment. WenxinHuangrevised themanuscript. ChrisMi contributed theexperiment platform,gavegreat suggestionsandpolishedthemanuscript. Conflictsof Interest:Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictof interest. References 1. Xiong,R.;Sun,F.;Chen,Z.;He,H.Adata-drivenmulti-scaleextendedkalmanfilteringbasedparameterand stateestimationapproachof lithium-ionolymerbattery inelectricvehicles.Appl. Energy2014,113, 463–476. [CrossRef] 2. Zou,Z.;Xu, J.;Mi,C.;Cao,B.;Chen,Z.Evaluationofmodelbasedstateofchargeestimationmethodsfor lithium-ionbatteries.Energies2014,7, 5065–5082. [CrossRef] 3. Shang,Y.;Zhang,C.;Cui,N.;Guerrero, J.M.Acell-to-cellbatteryequalizerwithzero-current switchingand zero-voltagegapbasedonquasi-resonant lcconverterandboostconverter. IEEETrans. PowerElectron. 2015, 30, 3731–3747. [CrossRef] 4. Xia, B.; Mi, C. A fault-tolerant voltage measurement method for series connected battery packs. J.PowerSources2016,308, 83–96. [CrossRef] 5. Sun,F.;Xiong,R.;He,H.Asystematicstate-of-chargeestimationframeworkformulti-cellbatterypack in electricvehiclesusingbiascorrectiontechnique.Appl. Energy2016,162, 1399–1409. [CrossRef] 6. Xia,B.; Shang,Y.;Nguyen,T.;Mi,C.Acorrelationbasedfaultdetectionmethodforshort circuits inbattery packs. J.PowerSources2017,337, 1–10. [CrossRef] 7. Salameh,M.; Schweitzer, B.; Sveum,P.;Al-Hallaj, S.; Krishnamurthy,M.Online temperature estimation forphasechangecomposite-18650 lithiumioncellsbasedbatterypack. InProceedingsof the2016 IEEE AppliedPowerElectronicsConferenceandExposition(APEC),LongBeach,CA,USA,20–24March2016; pp.3128–3133. 8. Seaman,A.;Dao,T.-S.;McPhee, J.Asurveyofmathematics-basedequivalent-circuitandelectrochemical batterymodels forhybridandelectricvehiclesimulation. J.PowerSources2014,256, 410–423. [CrossRef] 9. Zou,Y.;Hu,X.;Ma,H.;Li, S.E.Combinedstateofchargeandstateofhealthestimationover lithium-ion batterycell cycle lifespanforelectricvehicles. J.PowerSources2015,273, 793–803. [CrossRef] 10. Wei,Z.; Tseng,K.J.;Wai,N.; Lim,T.M.; Skyllas-Kazacos,M.Adaptive estimationof state of charge and capacitywithonline identifiedbatterymodel forvanadiumredoxflowbattery. J.PowerSources2016,332, 389–398. [CrossRef] 11. He,H.;Xiong,R.;Guo,H.;Li, S.Comparisonstudyonthebatterymodelsusedfor theenergymanagement ofbatteries inelectricvehicles.EnergyConvers.Manag. 2012,64, 113–121. [CrossRef] 12. He, H.; Zhang, X.; Xiong, R.; Xu, Y.; Guo, H. Online model-based estimation of state-of-charge and open-circuitvoltageof lithium-ionbatteries inelectricvehicles.Energy2012,39, 310–318. [CrossRef] 13. Nejad,S.;Gladwin,D.;Stone,D.Asystematic reviewof lumped-parameterequivalentcircuitmodels for real-timeestimationof lithium-ionbatterystates. J.PowerSources2016,316, 183–196. [CrossRef] 14. Xia,B.;Zhao,X.;DeCallafon,R.;Garnier,H.;Nguyen,T.;Mi,C.Accurate lithium-ionbatteryparameter estimationwithcontinuous-timesystemidentificationmethods.Appl. Energy2016,179, 426–436. [CrossRef] 15. Pérez,G.;Garmendia,M.;Reynaud,J.F.;Crego,J.;Viscarret,U.Enhancedclosedloopstateofchargeestimator for lithium-ionbatteriesbasedonextendedkalmanfilter.Appl. Energy2015,155, 834–845. [CrossRef] 16. Chen,Z.;Fu,Y.;Mi,C.C.Stateofchargeestimationof lithium-ionbatteries inelectricdrivevehiclesusing extendedkalmanfiltering. IEEETrans.Veh. Technol. 2013,62, 1020–1030. [CrossRef] 17. Sun,F.;Xiong,R.Anoveldual-scalecell state-of-chargeestimationapproachforseries-connectedbattery packusedinelectricvehicles. J.PowerSources2015,274, 582–594. [CrossRef] 176