Seite - 287 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 997 -100 -50 0 50 100 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 50 60 70 80 90 100 ISG Motor Tor(Nm) The Efficiency Map of ISG Motor ISG Motor Spd(rpm) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 The External Characteristic Curve of ISG Motor ISG Motor Spd(rpm) Figure3. Workingefficiencycurveandexternal characteristic curveof integratedstartergenerator (ISG)motor. -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 500 1000 1500 50 60 70 80 90 100 In-wheel Motor Tor(Nm) The Efficiency Map of In-wheel Motor In-wheel Motor Spd(rpm) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 The External Characteristic Curve of In-wheel Motor In-wheel Motor Spd(rpm) Figure4.Workingefficiencycurveandexternalcharacteristic curveof in-wheelmotor. 2.3. PowertrainModel Thepowertraincomponents in this research includetheclutch,AMTgearbox,andmainreducer. ThepowertrainmodeldiagramisshowninFigure5. Thecombinationandseparationof theclutch isdeterminedbythe transmissioncontrolunit. Thevehiclemanagementsystemcontrols theclutch stateonly in the startingprocess. The transmissionandreduceroutput thepowertrain speedand torqueaccordingto the throttlepercentage, currentgear, stateofclutch,output torqueofclutch,and vehiclevelocity. Consideringthepracticalneedsof thecontrol strategywhenmodeling,wesimplify theclutch modelusing0and1torepresent thecompleteseparationandcombinationof theclutch. The function of theAMTgearboxandmainreducer is toslowdownthespeedandincrease the torque. Inparticular, when theAMTgearbox is running, thegear changeswith shifting control strategy,whichdirectly influences the dynamic performance, fuel economy, and comfort in the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to introduceagear shifting control strategy in themodel. Figure 6 shows thegear shift curvecalculationmoduleandgearshift controlmodule in theSimulink/Stateflow.Thegearratio is determinedbytheengine throttlepositionandvehiclevelocity,whichcanbeattainedbythe lookup tablebasedonthecurrentgear. 287