Seite - 288 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 997 Figure5.Thepowertrainmodeldiagram. Figure6.Gearshiftmodelof theautomatedmechanical transmission(AMT)gearbox. 2.4. BatteryModel Thebattery functionsasanauxiliarypowersupply forHEVstoprovideenergyfor themotoras wellasrecycle theexcesskineticenergywhenbraking. Therecoveryofbrakingenergyis important for improvingthevehicleefficiencyandsavingenergy.Althoughthechemical reaction inside thebattery isrelativelycomplex,onlytheexternalcharacteristicof thebatteryisusedinthemodel. Thecommonly usedbatterymodels includetheequivalentcircuitmodelandneuralnetworkmodel. Theequivalent circuitmodel canaccurately reflect thebatterycharacteristicsusing thecircuit components suchas resistors, capacitors,andvoltage tosimulate thedynamicperformanceof thebattery. Theequivalent circuitmodelsmainlyusedare theRint,Thevenin,andPNGVmodels [27]. TheRintmodel,which is showninFigure7, is selected in this study[28]. 288