Seite - 291 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 997 Figure9.Drivermodeldiagram. 3. Parameters toBeOptimizedforHEVLogicThresholdEnergyManagementStrategy 3.1.HybridElectricVehicleEnergyManagementStrategy Theall-wheeldrive full-HEVhas twopowersources—theengineandpowerbattery.According to thesteady-stateefficiencymapdiagram, theworkingefficiencydiffersatdifferentworkingsections. Basedonthepowerbatterycharginganddischargingresistancecharacteristics, its internal resistance undervarious charged states isdifferent, thus theworkingefficiency is alsodifferent. Theenergy management strategy based on the logic threshold aims tomake the engine operate in the high efficiencyrangeandkeepthebatterySOCwithinaspecificrange[1]. Theworkingareaof theengine is showninFigure10. Theengine is set toworkwithin theareabetweentheupper limitandlower limit. Theworkingareaofmotor ispresented inFigure11. ThemotorworkswhenthebatterySOC isbetween0.3and0.8.WhentheSOC ishigh, themotorprovidesdriving torque. Onthecontrary, themotorworksasagenerator. Theparsingof thedriver’s intentionandtorquedistributionare the mainfocusof theenergymanagementstrategy. 0. 08 0.08 0 08 0. 09 0.09 0.09 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0. 11 0.11 0 11 0.11 0. 12 .12 0.12 0.12 0. 13 0.13 0.13 0. 13 0. 14 .14 0.14 0.14 0. 15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0. 16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0. 17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0. 18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0. 19 0.1 9 0.19 0.19 0.19 0. 2 0. 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0. 21 0. 21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0. 22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0. 23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.2 3 0.23 0. 24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.2 5 0.25 0.25 0 25 0. 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.2 6 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.260.26 0.26 0.26 0. 26 0.2 7 0.27 0. 27 0.270.27 0.27 0. 27 0. 27 0. 28 0.28 0. 28 0.28 0.28 0.2 8 0. 29 0.29 0.29 0. 29 0.29 0. 3 0.3 0.3 0.30 .3 0.31 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.31 0.32 0. 32 EngSpd(rpm) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 50 100 150 200 250 the maximum torque limit the upper limit of working area with high efficiency the optimal torque curve the lower limit of working area with high efficiency Figure10.Engineworkingareadivision. 291