Seite - 295 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 997 parameters,whichhaveadirecteffectonthevehicleperformanceespecially the fueleconomy,are the focusof thecontrol strategy. Table9.Keyparametersof logic thresholdenergymanagementstrategy. Name Definition Parameter SimplifiedVersion Maximumtorque coefficientof theengine high-efficiencyarea Theratioof themaximumtorqueand enginepeaktorquefor theengine high-efficiencyarea Enghigh x1 Minimumtorque coefficientof theengine high-efficiencyarea Theratioof theminimumtorqueand enginepeaktorquefor theengine high-efficiencyarea Englow x2 PowerbatterySOC upper limit Theupper limitof theworking SOC forpowerbattery SOChigh x3 PowerbatterySOC lower limit The lower limitof theworking SOC forpowerbattery SOClow x4 Throttleopening thresholdfor ISGmotor assisting Theminimumthrottle openingwhentheISGmotorassists AssistISGMotor x5 Throttleopening thresholdforallmotors assisting Theminimumthrottle openingwhenallmotorsassist AssistAllMotor x6 Maximumspeedinpure electricdrivingmode Themaximumspeed inpureelectricdrivingmode vMaxElec x7 4.ValidationandAnalysisof theSimulationModelofHEVandEnergyManagementStrategy In order to verify the accuracy of the HEV simulation model and validity of the energy management strategy, a comparative analysis between the output data of the components from offline simulation and the real drumbench experimentwas performed. Itwas ensured that the parametersof theofflinesimulationmodelwereconsistentwith thoseof therealvehicle. Inaddition, thecontrol strategyandparameters thresholdwere thesameforboth thesimulationandrealvehicle. The tests are carriedout in thenewEuropeandrivingcycle (NEDC).Thecomparisonbetween the offlinesimulationanddrumtest resultsduring thedrivingcycleofNEDCareshowninFigures14 and15.Asobserved, there isasmalldifferencebetweentheoutputresultsofcomponents fromthe simulationandbenchtest. Thetransientcharacteristichasnotbeenaccuratelyreflected inmodeling, whichcontributedto thedifference.However, thedifference iswithin theacceptablerange. 295