Seite - 300 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 997 minf 0t = minf f< Yes No 1t t= + maxt t= Yes S φ= No S S Yes No End Figure 18. Optimization procedure of key parameters for HEV energy management using DIRECTalgorithm. 5.3.OptimizationResult andAnalysis Figure19showstheoptimizationmodel for theHEVenergymanagementkeyparameters,which includes thepreviouslyestablishedHEVclosed-loopsimulationmodel, target tominimize the fuel consumptionper100km,andcodeof theDIRECTalgorithm.Theoptimizationmodel isestablished inMATLAB/Simulink. Besides, theconstraintofvehicle’sdynamicperformanceshouldalsobe taken intoaccount. The0to60 timefor theall-wheeldrive full-HEVstudiedshouldnotbemore than10s. ThedrivingcycleofNEDCisselected,andthe initialSOC is set to55%. Thekeyparametersof the DIRECTalgorithmaresetasshowninTable11. 300