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Metals 2017,7, 91
In thepresentworkaredescribedthepropertiesof the individualelementsusedfor theformation
of the lattice structures. The identification of properties was therefore carried out on elements
that correspond to real geometric conditions as for the lattice structures. It is of major interest
to determine the properties of individual bars integrated into specialized applications. This is
particularly interestingforapplicationswheretherodswithinacomponentshowdifferentorientations
to the load (seeFigure1) and the structuralparameters cannotbecomparedwith typical scaffolds
(as shown in the literature). Therefore, the strut elements are considered in thiswork. The strut
elements form thebasis for load-bearingporous structures.Variations in the geometry of the test
specimenaswellas in themanufacturingprocesscanbeexcludedhere. Inadditiontocharacterizing
productionqualityandsurfacequalityof the individualstruts, selectedmechanicalpropertieswere
determined. Thesamplesweremanufacturedusingadditivetechnologieswithvariationsindimension
(variations in theheight/diameter ratio)andalso installationspaceorientation. Selective lasermelting
andelectronbeammeltingwere the twomanufacturingprocessesusedtoprovidethepossibility to
comparebothmethods.Furthermore, thedirectionaldependenciescanberepresentedwithreference
to theproperties.
Figure1.Exemplaryrepresentationofpartofapelviswithanacetabularcup. Thesurface isprovided
with a load bearing porous structure. The load bearing structure consists of a layer of repeating
structuralelements. Thesmallestelement inanycase is therod.
Previous works comparing the two manufacturing methods mentioned above refer to test
specimenswithgeometricdimensions that greatlydiffer from thoseof the individual elements of
thegridstructures [38]. Inaddition, the focus isalwaysplacedondeterminingsuchproperties that
wouldpresuppose tensile loading. Simonelli etal. [39] studiedthe tensilepropertiesofSLMTi6Al4V
specimens in three directions consisting of 2000, 200 and 60 layers. Qiu et al. [40] examined the
tensilepropertiesofTi6Al4Vspecimens indimensions thatarenot relevant insmall latticestructures.
Aloadsituationthatoften isof interest inbiomedicalapplications is thepressure load(forexample,
inorthopediccases). Thepresentworkthereforestudiesthemechanicalpropertiesofthemanufactured
test specimensunderanappliedpressure load.
The aim was to characterize the individual struts macroscopically, microscopically and
mechanically. The results obtained shall be used to gain a better understanding of the behavior
of the individualelements. Theresultscanbetransferred intomedicalapplications. Theseprimarily
includethestructuralareas for implantsconstructedfromgridelements.
2.MaterialsandMethods
2.1. PartsDesignandConfiguration
The specimens formechanical testingwithin this studywere designedusingCADsoftware
(PTCCreo,Version2.0,ParametricTechnologyCorporation,Needham,MA,USA).Thesamplesare
showninFigure2. Thesinglestrutspecimenconsistsofabaseareaandatoparea. Theseareasare
importantassupportsduringpartmanufacturingandforreworking(facecuttingtoobtaintwoparallel
surfaces) after additivemanufacturing. Inboth areas, there arepunched-out clearances to reduce
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3D Printing of Metals
- Title
- 3D Printing of Metals
- Author
- Manoj Gupta
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03842-592-2
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 170
- Keywords
- 3D printing, additive manufacturing, electron beam melting, selective laser melting, laser metal deposition, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, composites
- Categories
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie