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bination of plastic sculpture and painting, thus underlining the pre-eminence accorded in Bol- ogna to painting in relation to sculpture, and at the same time the economic reasons attached to a choice that was both practical and fast. One example for all is the memorial of Gerolamo Sbaraglia, painted by the Bolognese artist Do- nato Creti (Cremona, 1671 – Bologna, 1749) in 1713. Here the profile of the celebrated physician, cast in bronze after the wax model by the sculp- tor Giuseppe Maria Mazza (Bologna, 1653–1741), is framed by a complex allegory showing the de- ceased’s main virtues of Reason and Experi- ence pointing or looking at him for inspiration (Fig. 5).6 Inside the same building, the Anatomy Theatre, built in 1673 by Antonio Levanti and heavily damaged by bombing in the the Second World War, offered another good opportunity of celebrating modern physicians such as Mar- cello Malpighi and Gaspare Tagliacozzi, whose wooden statues placed in the niches on the walls stood side by side with those of famous ‘col- leagues’ from Antiquity, like the Roman Galen and the Greek Hippocrates (Fig. 6).7 In 1714, the opening of the Istituto delle Sci- enze, and a few years before that of the Acca- Fig. 5: Donato Creti and Giuseppe Maria Mazza, Memorial to Gerolamo Sbaraglia, Bologna, Archiginnasio, upper cour- tyard, oil on wall and bronze portrait bas-relief. Fig. 6: Bologna, Archiginnasio, The Anatomy Theatre. antonella mampieri172 6 About the Sbaraglia memorial see R. Roli, Il Creti a Palazzo: il lascito Collina Sbaraglia al Senato di Bologna (1744), in: Arte a Bologna: Bollettino dei Musei Civici d’Arte Antica, I, 1991, pp. 47–57; R. Grandi, Un Creti a metà (o qualcosa d’altro), ibidem., pp. 131–132. 7 Marcello Malpighi (Crevalcore, Bologna, 1628 – Rome, 1694) was one of the first physicians to stand for the empir- ical method. His revolutionary studies on the nervous system and on the lungs opened up new perspectives in mod- ern medicine. Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna, 1545–1599) was the inventor of a plastic surgery technique that enabled doctors to reconstruct mutilated noses and faces. The wooden statues in the Archiginnasio Anatomy Theatre por- tray twelve famous doctors from antiquity to modern times in full figure (Hippocrates, Galen, Fabrizio Bartoletti, Girolamo Sbaraglia, Marcello Malpighi, Carlo Fracassati, Mondino de’ Liuzzi, Bartolomeo da Varignana, Pietro d’Argelata, Costanzo Varolio, Giulio Cesare Aranzio and Gaspare Tagliacozzi). On the upper level are placed the busts of twenty anatomists. The allegorical statue of Anatomy sits on the canopy over the professor’s cathedra, held by two impressive wooden statues of ecorchés drawn by Ercole Lelli (Bologna, 1701–1766) and carved by Silvestro Giannotti (Lucca, 1680 – Bologna, 1750). Open Access © 2018 by BÖHLAU VERLAG GMBH & CO.KG, WIEN KÖLN WEIMAR