Page - 113 - in Europäische Bild- und Buchkultur im 13. Jahrhundert

113 EncountErs in Books ing of the quires into sexternions, as was typical for France and Languedoc, rather than quinions, the common form in Italy.38 Further indications come from the pen-flourished initials of the Graz Digestum, which contain two distinctive groups. The first group shows initials decorated in a minimalistic Italian style, a decor composed of a limited range of lines and pearls that can also be found in legal manuscripts made outside Italy. The second group consists of initials of French character (pl. 13a–b). These are striking particularly for the downward-growing buds and palmettes, which are often divided into small triangular fields in groupings reminiscent of birds’ heads – a motif that I only know from manuscripts of southern French production. Almost identical pen-flourish- ing can be found in a Summa aurea of Henricus de Segusio in Pembroke College in Cambridge (pl. 13c) and the Decretales of Gregory IX in the Chapter Library of Durham Cathedral (pl. 13d).39 Close analogies include: the bird-head motif, which appears in both manuscripts in the right-hand area of the diagonally divided inner fields; the vertical hair-needle threads on the left side of initials, from which the outermost string swings slightly to the left as it rises to a hooked conclusion; and finally, immediately below the previous motif, the lines occupied by a vertical row of three to four pearls, with the uppermost of these receiving a second pearl and a further thread. Evidence for production in Southern France is particularly strong in the case of the Pembroke manuscript: the binding of its gatherings into sexternions, the ornamental initials, marginal decoration, and miniatures can all be traced con- vincingly to the region.40 The work may be from the same workshop as three legal manuscripts from Frankfurt,41 Tours,42 and Brussels,43 all of which can themselves be localized in a similar manner, probably ultimately to Toulouse. The Durham manuscript (Ms. C.I.9) belongs in a similar context: its core was probably executed in Bologna or Padua, while the additions from fol. 321r onwards (including 340r; pl. 13d) were made elsewhere – perhaps in Southern France with the involvement of the Jonathan Alexander Master, among others.44 38 See Robert Gibbs: cat. no. 14, in: L’Engle / Gibbs: Illuminating the Law (cit. n. 2), p. 196, cat. no. 14. 39 Cambridge, Pembroke College, Ms. 183; on this manuscript: Illuminated Manuscripts Cambridge II/2 (cit. n. 11), pp. 250‒251, cat. no. 337 (with ills. of fols. 1r and 113v). – Durham, Cathedral Library, Ms. C.I.9; on this manuscript: Robert Gibbs, in: L’Engle / Gibbs, Illuminating the Law (cit. n. 2), pp. 159‒164, 182‒191, cat. no. 13; Gameson, Durham (cit. n. 5), p. 112, cat. no. 26; Pfändtner, Anziehungskraft der Universitäten (cit. n. 2), p. 58. 40 In the Cambridge catalogue, Ms. 183 was localized to Italy (see Illuminated Manuscripts Cambridge II/2 [cit. n. 11], pp. 250‒251, cat. no. 337, with ills. of fols. 1r and 113v), but the bindings in sexternions (gatherings 1‒20) and its painted decoration imply a southern French origin. 41 Frankfurt, University Library, Barth 9 (Justinian, Digestum vetus cum Glossa ordinaria Accursii, see Robert Gibbs: The Jonathan Alexander Master, in: L’Engle / Gibbs, Illumi- nating the Law [cit. n. 2], pp. 159‒160, note 3). 42 Tours, Bibliothèque municipale, Ms 568 (Bernardus Parmensis, Apparatus in Decretales; for the localization to Southern France, see the website of Enluminures [IRHT]). 43 Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, Ms 7453 (Innocent IV, Apparatus). 44 Robert Gibbs, in: L’Engle / Gibbs, Illuminating the Law (cit. n. 2), pp. 159‒164, 182‒191, cat. no. 13.