Page - 7 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

7 standing of how green spaces and biodiversity can contribute to human health in a changing climate. 1.3 Structure and  Contents of  the  Book This book is structured in four main parts. The first two parts highlight the important contribution of green spaces and biodiversity to physical health on the one hand, and mental and spiritual health and well-being on the other hand, in a changing climate. Here we also touch on theoretical and methodological considerations. Part III discusses the implications of biodiversity on human health and well-being for specific sectors and describes the current policy and practice perspective. The final part addresses the co-benefits and the implementation challenges associated with the planning and management of urban green spaces for both biodiversity and human health. 1. Part I: Biodiversity and physical health 2. Part II: Biodiversity, mental health and spiritual well-being 3. Part III: Implications of the biodiversity and health relationship 4. Part IV: Planning and managing urban green spaces for biodiversity and health in a changing climate The various chapters provide up-to-date scientific background information, address policy-related issues, lay out pressing urban planning and biological con- servation management questions and identify knowledge gaps. Different chapters provide specific examples and applications of the use of urban green spaces for human health, nature conservation and climate change adaptation with case studies, mainly from Europe and North America. Here we provide a summative overview of each of the book’s four parts. 1.3.1 Part I: Biodiversity and  Physical Health The first part considers the impacts that biodiversity has on physical health. The focus is on non-communicable diseases that can be caused or prevented by exposure to green space and biodiversity. The impacts of climate change on biodiversity- health relationships are additionally highlighted in the first three chapters. In the first chapter, Sarah Lindley and co-authors provide a general overview of the interlinkages between biodiversity, health and climate change. They highlight the role that climate change has on human health and the adaptation role that NBS can play; this is illustrated with a case study from Manchester, England. Athanasios Damialis and co-authors discuss the impact of climate change on biodiversity and human health through the expanding geographical spread of allergies and allergenic pollen. Further negative effects of biodiversity on human health by vector-borne 1 Biodiversity and  Health in  the  Face of  Climate Change: Challenges, Opportunities…