Page - 84 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

84 References Adhami J, Reiter P (1998) Introduction and establishment of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) in Albania. J  Am Mosq Control Assoc 14(3):340–343 Agossa FR, Padonou GG, Koukpo CZ, Zola-Sahossi J, Azondekon R, Akuoko OK, Ahoga J, N’dombidje B, Akinro B, Fassinou AJYH, Sezonlin M, Sezonlin M (2018) Efficacy of a novel Table 4.2 Relationship between Sustainable Development Goals and control of VBDs SDG Relationship  to VBDs Example Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well- being for all at all ages VBDs are a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality VBDs account for > 17% of the global burden of infectious diseases; > 80% of the global population is at risk from one VBD, with > 50% at risk of two or more VBDs. Goal 6. Ensure access to water and sanitation for all Investment in clean water and sanitation can reduce the risk from VBDs Open stored water containers are a major habitat for immature dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus vectors worldwide; provision of piped water and/or mosquito- proof water storage containers can reduce the transmission of these diseases. Goal 11. Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ending VBDs makes cities (and slums) safer Resilience against VBDs needs to be included in strategic planning for urban development. Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Mitigating the impacts of climate change has the potential to reduce VBDs VBDs are highly sensitive to climatic conditions, especially temperature, rainfall and relative humidity; patterns of epidemiology change more rapidly than health policy can respond; climate change can impact all VBDs. Goal 15. Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss Maintaining terrestrial ecosystems  and halting biodiversity loss will help reduce VBDs in some places, but increase it in others Bio-reserves can harbour vector populations in protected areas. Biodiversity loss (such as that associated with deforestation) may enhance the risk of some diseases such as malaria, while biodiversity gains (such as that associated with reforestation) could  sometimes increase the risk for other diseases Significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems Invasive vector species (e.g. Aedes albopictus) Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources Biological vector control Adapted from: WHO (2017a, b). The Global vector control response (GVCR) 2017–2030 R. Müller et al.