Page - 111 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

111 5.4 Discussion 5.4.1 Urban Green Space and  Health Outcomes in  Relation to  Socio-demographic and  Socio-economic Confounders This study presents the results of a systematic quantitative review that focuses on the association between green spaces and health outcomes with a particular focus on potential socio-economic and socio-demographic confounding factors. Based on the results of this review, it can be concluded that there is a positive association between urban green space and health outcome variables related to, for example, mental health, birth outcome, general health, overweight and other factors. The most consistent results were identified for the association between urban green space and mental health, in particular for children and adolescents. In a detailed review on the benefits of nature contact for children, Chawla (2015) impressively showed the protective effect of nature for psychological well-being irrespective of the method of measurement. Fig. 5.4 The relationships between urban green space, and health outcomes and confounders, as treated in existing reviews. The strength of the evidence is indicated behind each health outcome: + significant association with evidence, − no signification association found; +/− weak evidence and no consistent results 5 The Influence of  Socio-economic and  Socio-demographic Factors in  the  Association…