Page - 207 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

207 Moderators Future studies should continue to investigate personal and contextual factors as moderators (Markevych et  al. 2017) of biodiversity-mental health and well-being relationships. Dose-Response Relationships None of the studies examined dose-response relationships of biodiversity on mental health and well-being. At present,  we do not know how much biodiversity is required for an effect, how long before effects take place, or how long they last. For example, future studies could usefully investigate the amount of time spent in the biodiverse environment required for a change in mental health or well-being. Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Professor Zoe Davies and Professor Aletta Bonn for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, the three peer reviewers, and to Popay et  al. (2006) for permission to use the ESRC-funded Narrative Synthesis guidance. Dr. Martens’ involvement was supported through funding from the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany. Dr. Irvine’s involvement was supported through funding from Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government. Dr. Dallimer’s involvement was supported by the UK government’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant number NE/R002681/1. Appendix: Search Terms Used in  Web of  Science Search terms used Number of references found #01 Biodiversity OR ‘species richness’ OR ‘protected area*’ AND ‘mental health’ OR ‘mental well-being’ OR ‘social cohesion’ OR ‘social well-being’ or ‘physical activity’ TS = (biodiversity OR ‘species richness’ or ‘protected area*’) AND TS = (‘mental health‘ OR ‘mental well-being’ OR ‘social cohesion’ OR ‘social well-being’ or ‘physical activity’) AND DOCUMENT TYPES: (Article). Timespan: 2013–2017. Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI. 79 #02 biodiversity AND ‘mental health’ 23 #03 biodiversity AND ‘mental well-being’ 3 #04 ‘species richness’ AND ‘mental health’ 5 #05 ‘species richness’ AND ‘mental well-being’ 1 #06 ‘protected area’ AND ‘mental health’ 1 #07 ‘protected area’ AND ‘mental well-being’ 0 #08 biodiversity AND ‘physical activity’ 39 #09 ‘species richness’ AND ‘physical activity’ 6 #10 ‘protected area’ AND ‘physical activity’ 3 #11 ‘protected area’ AND ‘social cohesion’ 4 #12 ‘protected area’ AND ‘social well-being’ 2 #13 biodiversity AND ‘social cohesion’ 16 #14 ‘species richness’ AND ‘social cohesion’ 0 #15 ‘species richness’ AND ‘social well-being’ 0 #16 biodiversity AND ‘social well-being’ 4 Total references 189 9 Review of  the  Mental Health and  Well-being Benefits of  Biodiversity