Page - 324 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

324 14.5.4 Sustainable Development Goals The establishment of IPBES coincided with the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (UN 2015b). Building on the Brundtland Commission (Brundtland Commission 1987), the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (UN 1992) and the eight Millennium Development Goals established in 2000 (UN 2000), the SDGs were now developed as a holistic and integrated approach to global development. In 2016, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development comprising 17 SDGs with 169 targets was officially approved during a UN Summit (UN 2015b). The SDGs aim to foster action integrating economic, social and environmental issues (ICSU 2017). In particular, SDG 14 ‘Life below water’ and SDG 15 ‘Life on land’ directly deal with biodiversity, while SDG 13 ‘Climate change’ considers actions for mitigation and adaptation to a changing cli- mate. For health, most prominently the SDG 3 ‘Good health and well-being’, seeks to ensure healthy lives by promoting well-being for all at all ages. Here, a close link with CBD and Ramsar will be beneficial, and the CBD already identified a good alignment of the 2030 Agenda and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity with many synergies (CBD et  al. 2017). Considering the many goals of the 2030 Agenda, it will require good joint sector working to overcome trade-offs and to focus on synergies. Implementation will also crucially depend on translation into policies and practical management at the national and local level to deliver on the targets. Having an over- arching goal of ‘One Health’  (Zinsstag et  al. 2015; see also Keune et  al. Chap. 15, this volume) may strengthen the sustainable development and conservation agenda. 14.5.5 ICLEI  – Local Governments for  Sustainability Since concerted efforts by main actors on the local level are pivotal to reach the integration of different policy goals in the fields of biodiversity, climate and public health on the ground, global networks are very important. As the majority of the world’s population now lives in cities, and this trend will increase in the future, actions taken by local and regional governments in cities, towns and regions will have a high impact on future developments. ICLEI as a global network of local governments for sustainability with more than 1,500 members and regional offices announced at its World Congress in 2018 the “ICLEI Montréal Commitment and Strategic Vision” (ICLEI  – Local Governments for Sustainability 2018), in which five interconnected pathways for change, highlighting the complex relationships among urban systems, are laid out. Climate change, health and biodiversity issues are addressed, with nature being mainstreamed throughout. In addition, one of the pathways to transformative action is through supporting nature-based development. H. Korn et al.