Page - 377 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

377 urbanisation will continue to put pressure on protected areas and other natural eco- systems. Conservation experts, municipal governments, city planners, health pro- fessionals and others will increasingly need to work together to ensure that urban planning and development proceeds in a way that ensures the ongoing protection of these critical natural systems and equitable access to natural spaces for all sectors of society. There are many good arguments for extending and strengthening the manage- ment of protected areas and other natural areas (Stolton and Dudley 2010), but the clear links between healthy ecosystems and healthy people seem especially relevant at a time when societies are looking for new solutions to cope with climate change. The emphasis on biodiversity conservation, protected areas and natural landscapes as nature-based solutions for human health and climate change adaptation is now supported by a range of international policies and agreements. Investments in pro- tected areas and other nature-based solutions offer cost-effective solutions that pro- vide direct benefits for human welfare, public health and education, and build resilience to climate and environmental change. Achieving these multiple benefits will require new partnerships across different sectors but will become increasingly necessary in a world of changing climate and increasing urbanisation. References Ahn K (2017) The worldwide trend of using botanical drugs and strategies for developing global drugs. BMB Rep 50(3):111–116 Alcock I, White M, Cherrie M et  al (2017) Land cover and air pollution are associated with asthma hospitalisations: a cross-sectional study. Environ Int 109:29–41 Armson D, Stringer P, Ennos AR (2013) The effect of street trees and amenity grass on urban sur- face water runoff in Manchester, UK.  Urban For Urban Green 12(3):282–286 Beatley T (2014) Blue urbanism: exploring connections between cities and oceans. Island Press, Washington, DC Bratman N, Hamilton JP, Hahn KS et  al (2015) Nature experience reduces rumination and sub- genual prefrontal cortex activation. PNAS 112(28):8567–8572 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP13 (2016) Cancun declaration on mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for well-being. https://www.cbd.int/cop/ cop-13/hls/cancun%20declaration-en.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2018 Costanza R, d’Arge R, de Groot R et  al (1997) The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253–260 Costanza R, Mageau M, Aquatic Ecology (1999) What is a healthy ecosystem. Aquat Ecol 33:105–115 Costanza R, Pérez-Maqueo O, Martinez ML et  al (2008) The value of coastal wetlands to hurricane prevention. Ambio 37:241–248 D’Ambrosio L, Hennessy J  (2017) Victorian Memorandum for health and nature. https://www. environment.vic.gov.au/biodiversity/victorian-memorandum-for-health-and-nature. Accessed 30 May 2018 Dudley N, Stolton S (2003) Running pure: the importance of forest protected areas to drinking water. WWF/Gland/World Bank, Washington, DC Dudley N, Stolton S, Belokurov A et  al (eds) (2010) Natural solutions: protected areas helping people cope with climate change. IUCN/World Bank/WWF, Gland 16 Nature-Based Solutions and  Protected Areas to  Improve Urban Biodiversity…