Page - 398 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

398 Table 17.3 (continued) Reference Study design Population Intervention Outcome Strohbach et  al. (2013) Boston, MA, USA Quasi- experimental, controlled (post data only) Low SES areas; 617,594 inhabitants; population density of 4939 inhabitants per km2; tree canopy covers 29% of the city area 12 community driven greening projects in low SES areas including creation of a small park (424  m2),tree plantings in an existing park (4377  m2) and tree plantings at residential houses (859  m2) +ve: Sig. difference between greening projects and random urban sites (p  =  .049); most greening projects had more species than the random urban sites in their vicinity Jin et  al. (2014) Shanghai, China Quasi- experimental, controlled (post data only) Area of 6340.5  km2, 23.5 million population Street trees on 6 streets (length 205–223  m; width 15.2–17.5  m) were treated with different pruning intensities (strong, weak and null) which would result in different canopy coverage across the four seasons +ve: Increased street tree canopy was positively associated with PM2.5 concentrations owing to reduced air circulation Ward Thompson et  al. (2014) England, Scotland and Wales, United Kingdom Quasi- experiment: controlled, pre-post design Mean age 75  years; 44% male; 22.5% non-white British n  =  56 residents pre and n  =  29 post intervention ‘DIY Streets’: 9 intervention streets located in urban areas in United Kingdom. Streets were made safer, more attractive and traffic calming measures  were added. +ve: Sig. positive perceptions of intervention streets post-intervention (p  =  0.04); longitudinal participants perceived they were sig. more active post- intervention (p  =  0.04) than the control group Joo and Kwon (2015) Suwon, South Korea Quasi- experimental, controlled (post data only) Population 1.2  m 74 sites with street greenery (e.g. planter boxes)  installed  by the city council, located in low-rise residential areas to reduce illegal dumping of household garbage +ve: Illegal dumping of household garbage occurred at 55.4% of sites with installed greenery compared to 91.9% of sites without greenery installed PM Particulate Matter, SES Socioeconomic status, US United States, +ve positive intervention effect, −ve no intervention effect R. F. Hunter et al.