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configurations of green spaces as well as socioeconomic contexts in different cul-
tural and ethnic settings.
By evaluating a broad range of case studies, the authors also demonstrate how
managing green spaces for biodiversity and health can additionally contribute to
adapting to the effects of a changing climate (Keune et al. Chap. 15, MacKinnon
et al. Chap. 16, this volume), both as communities and as individuals (De Young
Chap. 13, this volume). The chapters lay out practical recommendations for policy
and practice as well as how to integrate existing knowledge into urban planning and
management (Hunter et al. Chap. 17, Elmqvist et al. Chap. 18, Heiland et al. Chap.
19, this volume). Importantly, proactive planning can contribute actively to the pub-
lic health agenda (Cook et al. Chap. 11, this volume) and help to increase a city’s
resilience in the face of climate change (Elmqvist et al. Chap. 18, this volume).
Managing green spaces may also alleviate health equity issues (Kabisch Chap. 5,
Cook et al. Chap. 11, this volume). In many areas we already know enough to act
and to implement ‘no regret’ actions. It becomes obvious that the global challenges
and goals related to biodiversity and health in a changing climate cannot be tackled
by one discipline or one sector alone. Informed transdisciplinary dialogue and col-
laboration is clearly required to address the pressing research questions and to
implement actions. The linkages between biodiversity and health are increasingly
becoming recognized in both local and regional conservation management and in
international policy development (Korn etÂ
al. Chap. 14, this volume). Fundamentally,
the 2050 Vision of Biodiversity of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD)
and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development depend on joint
action from many sectors and the alignment of environmental and societal goals.
Implementation on the ground will need to be monitored and evaluated for effec-
tiveness (see Hunter etÂ
al. Chap. 17, this volume), both for health outcomes and for
synergies and trade-offs with conservation and climate policy goals.
Overall, quantifying the health benefits of interventions should also be supported
by economic cost-benefit analysis to assess the value and cost-effectiveness of
nature-based solution (NBS) measures for health and related co-benefits. These
analyses should also support scenario development to assess different future trajec-
tories at regional and global levels to inform decision making in policy and practice.
Here, ongoing work with the scenarios and modelling expert group of the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
(IPBES) should pay special attention to the effects of biodiversity scenarios for
public health. Finally, coordinated governance systems need to be developed and
established to foster the sustainable use and enhancement of biodiversity to promote
human health for all people in a changing climate.
In this concluding chapter, we synthesize the main results from the chapters and
link them to current policy developments on a European and a global scale. Based
on the evidence provided in this volume and drawing from the recommendations of
the European Network of Heads of Nature Conservation Agencies (ENCA) derived
from the European conference ‘Biodiversity and Health in the face of climate
change – Challenges, Opportunities and Evidence Gaps’ (Marselle et al. 2018), we
M. R. Marselle et al.
Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Title
- Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
- Authors
- Melissa Marselle
- Jutta Stadler
- Horst Korn
- Katherine Irvine
- Aletta Bonn
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-030-02318-8
- Size
- 15.5 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 508
- Keywords
- Environment, Environmental health, Applied ecology, Climate change, Biodiversity, Public health, Regional planning, Urban planning
- Categories
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima