Page - 463 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

463 authors maintain that such a systems perspective can lead to innovative designs of new urban infrastructure and the redesign of existing structures, such as the use of NBS to create resilience to climate change in cities in order to reduce negative health impacts and well-being. Reflecting on the policy opportunities and challenges for considering human health in landscape planning projects, Stefan Heiland and co-authors highlight the need for increased and improved collaboration between landscape architec- ture, urban planning and the health sector. Examining landscape planning instru- ments in both Germany and the UK, the authors show how human health and biodiversity are currently considered in the design of urban green spaces through green infrastructure and ecosystem services, recreation planning, and climate change legislation. The authors conclude that health issues are implicitly touched upon or, in rare cases, explicitly named in landscape planning legislation in the UK and Germany. Consequently, the authors argue, opportunities for including health issues into landscape planning are not frequently used, and suggest this could be because health authorities are seldom involved in planning decisions. They strongly argue that including environmental interventions for health in pro- active planning may reduce other hidden costs for a range of sectors, while greenspace and conservation planning cannot really go without health consider- ations anymore. The authors recommend legislation to overcome these disciplin- ary silos by requiring public health professionals to participate in urban landscape planning decisions. 20.6 Recommendations for  Research, Policy and  Practice A number of important conclusions can be drawn from the chapters presented in this book. In this next section we identify 30 specific recommendations for research, policy and practice. These suggestions arise from those presented by the authors of this book, and incorporate recommendations debated by the European Network of Heads of Nature Conservation Agencies (ENCA) interest group on climate change at the European conference on ‘Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change’ held on 27–29 June 2017  in Bonn, Germany (Marselle et  al. 2018). 20.6.1 Recommendations and  Challenges to  Integrate Biodiversity, Health and  Climate Change in  Research Whilst there is increasing research activity to assess the linkages between biodiver- sity and health (Lindley et  al. Chap. 2, Marselle et  al. Chap. 9, Irvine et  al. Chap. 10, Cook et  al. Chap. 11, this volume), the chapters in this book highlight the need to expand the evidence base for the contributions of biodiversity to human health and 20 Biodiversity and  Health in  the  Face of  Climate Change: Perspectives for  Science…