Page - 473 - in Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

473© The Author(s) 2019 M. R. Marselle et al. (eds.), Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02318-8 Glossary Adverse effects of climate change Changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change that have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems; on the operation of socio-economic systems; or on human health and welfare (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992, p.  7). Arboviruses Viruses transmitted by arthropods (such as phlebotomine sand flies, mosquitoes or ticks)  that cause arboviral diseases, e.g., West Nile fever, Chikungunya fever, tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis or leishmaniasis (Müller et  al. Chap. 4, this volume). Arthropod-borne diseases Diseases caused by infectious agents (pathogens) such as parasites, viruses or bacteria that are transmitted by an arthropod vector (such as a mosquito, fly or tick) (Müller et  al. Chap. 4, this volume). Biodiversity Biological diversity (biodiversity) is the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, p.3). Climate change Any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to nat- ural internal processes, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composi- tion of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC 2007, p.  943). Ecosystem services The direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being (TEEB n.d.,a). There are four types of ecosystem services: provision- ing, regulating, supporting and cultural (TEEB n.d.,b). Green infrastructure A strategically planned network of high-quality natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features, which is designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and protect biodiversity in both rural and urban settings (European Commission 2013, p.7).