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Cancer Nanotheranostics - What Have We Learnd So Far?
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Condeetal. Biofunctionalizationandsurfacechemistryof inorganicnanoparticles FIGURE6 |Quantumdotproteinbiosensors. (A)Schematic showing the commondesign, chemical andsensingelements, includingFRET-based biosensors: (1)peptidemodularity, (2)peptide labeling, (3)attachment toQDs, and (4)FRET-basedsensingforboththecaspase3proteolyticsensor (left)and Ca2+ sensor (right). The4-pendant carboxyl groups that interactwithCa2+ ionsareshown in redon theCaRbCl structure.Within theCa2+ sensor peptidesequence,Aib is thesynthetic aminoacidα-aminoisobutyric acid. Reactivedyestructuresareshownwhereappropriatealongwith thechemical linkagesattaching themto thepeptides. (B)Representative, superimposed spectracollectedfrom550nmemittingQDdonorssurfacefunctionalizedwith 85:15DHLAPEG600-COOH/DHLA-PEG750-OMe ligandsandcovalently conjugated to increasingmolar ratiosofTexasRed-labeledsubstratepeptide. Samplesexcitedat350nm. (C)Proteolytic assaydata fromexposinga constant concentrationof550nmemittingQDsconjugated to4TexasRed substratepeptides toaconstantconcentrationofcaspase3enzyme.Derived KmandVmaxvaluesaregiven.AnR2=0.98wasobtained for thefittingof thecurve. (D)Representative, superimposed, anddeconvolutedspectra collected from580nmemittingQDdonorsself-assembledwith increasing CaRbCl-acceptor labeledpeptides.Sampleswereexcitedat350nm. (E)Normalizedacceptor/donorPLarea ratios for580nmQDsself-assembled with∼2CaRbCl-acceptor labeledpeptidesexposed toselected ionic materials. The ratio fromthenativeunexposedsensorwasset toan initial valueof1 for comparisonpurposes (Prasuhnet al., 2010).Reproducedwith permission fromPrasuhnet al. (2010),Copyright2013. When using enzyme-based biosensors the main concern is reusability of the enzyme. Khoshnevisan et al. reported the use ofMNPs to circumvent this dilemmawhenusing cellulase. The enzymewas incubatedwith theMNPsandbindingconfirmedby FT-IR.The authors show that immobilization grants higher sta- bility totheenzyme, thusconfirmingthat theuseofMNPsinthis type of biosensors can be of great benefit (Khoshnevisan et al., 2011). www.frontiersin.org July2014 |Volume2 |Article48 | 18
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Cancer Nanotheranostics What Have We Learnd So Far?
Title
Cancer Nanotheranostics
Subtitle
What Have We Learnd So Far?
Authors
João Conde
Pedro Viana Baptista
Jesús M. De La Fuente
Furong Tian
Editor
Frontiers in Chemistry
Date
2016
Language
English
License
CC BY 4.0
ISBN
978-2-88919-776-7
Size
21.0 x 27.7 cm
Pages
132
Keywords
Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, nanomaterials, Cancer, heranostics, Immunotherapy, bioimaging, Drug delivery, Gene Therapy, Phototherapy
Categories
Naturwissenschaften Chemie
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