Page - (000048) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

development objectives. This canmean using renewable energy or transforming currentequipmentor technologies intosomething that iscleanerandmoreclimate- resilient. This is reflected in the comprehensive evaluations: the introduction of technology scores high in the support providedby the organisations evaluated. Since1991, theGEFhasbeen facilitating technology transfer to support devel- oping countries through know-how, goods and services, equipment, as well as organizational andmanagerial procedures. TheGEFhas invested aroundUS$250 millionannually8 in,amongothers,energyefficiency, renewableenergy,emerging, lowcarbonand energygenerating technologies and sustainable urban transport. InJuly2008,WorldBankExecutiveDirectorsapprovedtheestablishmentof the CleanTechnologyFund (CTF),under theClimate InvestmentFunds (CIF).CTF is a US$5.6 billion fund that empowers the transformation in middle income and developingcountriesbyprovidingresources toscaleup thedemonstration,deploy- ment and transfer of low carbon technologies with significant potential for long- termgreenhousegas (GHG)emissionsavings.9Although implementation is still at itsearlystages,CTFinvestmentplans, if successful,wouldboost renewableenergy generationcapacityor reducenationalpowerconsumptionby1–8%.CTFfunding for concentrated solar power, if successful, could boost total global capacity by more than40%. In 2012, with financing from the GEF and in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Asian Development Bank established the Climate Technology Finance Center (CTFC). The Center is designed to promote transfer of and investment in climate technologies and to help mainstream climate technology considerations in development planning. Since inception, the Center has provided lessons on climate change initiatives to othermultilateral development banks (MDBs) (ADB2014). While other organisationsmay not have dedicated instruments for technology transfer, they showa similar emphasis on innovation and introduction of technol- ogies,especially incollaborationwith theprivatesector.Evaluativeevidence in the seven comprehensive evaluations focuses on the following issues. Technologies That Work Best Tend to Be Already Tested Elsewhere A lot of technology transfer has been successful precisely because it was focused onwell proven technologies. Replicationwas typically taken onby the private sector as a resultofevidenceshowingthata technologywasbothcost-effectiveandprofitable. Sound monitoring that demonstrates the benefits of a technology becomes even more important to its broader adoption (GEF/IEO2014, p. 54). CTFCexperience showedthatmanycountrygovernmentsdonotgivehighpriority totheintroduction of relatively high-cost climate change risk reduction technologies. As a result, CTFC undertook a phased approach whereby it is required to first demonstrate 8Global Environment Facility (2016) Technology Transfer for Climate Change. https://www. thegef.org/gef/technology_transfer.Accessed20April 2016. 9Climate Investment Funds (2016) Clean Technology Fund. https://www-cif. climateinvestmentfunds.org/fund/clean-technology-fund.Accessed20April 2016. 2 ActiononClimateChange:WhatDoes ItMean andWhereDoes ItLeadTo? 27