Page - (000110) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

reductions needs to be clarified explicitly at the beginning of each project. Moreover, if there is a real demand for clear results on portfolio level, the investments inRBMandM&Eneed to be approved in order to set the ground for reports on effectiveness that assess results basedonevidence. • Mainstreaming: Although theOECDRiomarkers have obliged project devel- opers to systematically consider climate change relevance and benefit within theirproject, there is furtherneedformoresystematicmainstreamingofclimate change adaptation and mitigation into development projects. Explicitly men- tioning the climate changecomponents andobjectivesdoespotentially increase theawarenessandownershipat the levelof implementingpartners, stakeholders and beneficiaries which will positively contribute to the effectiveness of the programs. • Common understanding: A common understanding between donors and implementing partners on the relevance of climate change within a project is crucial inorder toensure transparent reportingonachievedresults.Manydonors havebeencriticizedinthepast fornotapplyingtheRiomarkers, inparticular the climate-related ones, in a coherent manner. In the framework of this results assessment, Switzerland has conducted an exhaustive revision, has gained a valuableoverviewandimproveditsskills inreliablecodingofitsclimatechange portfolio. • Synergies between adaptation and mitigation: The tender document initially proposedaclear separationbetweenaclimatechangemitigationandadaptation portfolio.Theassessmentrevealed,however, thatclimatechangeadaptationand mitigation are often interlinked. A clear separation doesmiss potential syner- gies. One should try to reach for multipurpose results in the design of the projects. The report therefore encourages a systematic integration of climate change adaptation into development as amore promising approach in order to achieve sustainable and resilient development, instead of trying to clearly identify “additionality” of adaptation actions.Adaptation andmitigation syner- giescouldbe increased, inparticular in thenatural resourcemanagementsector, butalsoe.g. inhydropower,byaddressing the issuesmoresystematicallyduring planning andestablishing the adequatemeasurement, reporting andverification (MRV) systems. 5.5.4 ForPolicyMakers • Joint forces for better cost-benefit: Policymakers should be better informedon theinvestmentneededforproducingreportsoneffectivenessandbeawareabout the difficulties and challenges in terms of quality, accessibility and availability ofdata and thedevelopmentof adequatemethods.Adiscussionon theneed for rigorous resultsmeasurement on the “end” side and in consequence theneed to invest in rigorous results planning systems on the “entry” side mainly raises questions on priorities and resources (human, financial, time). National 92 M.EggerKissling andR.Windisch