Page - (000114) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

2010–2013. According to the MTS 2010–20132 UNEP’s CCSP objective is “to strengthen the ability of countries to integrate climate change responses into national development processes”. UNEP is expected to support countries and institutions to meet the challenges of climate change by promoting ecosystem- based approaches to adaptation, up-scaling the use of and facilitating access to financing forcleanand renewableenergyand technologies, andcapitalizingon the opportunities of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. UNEP is alsoworking to improve awareness andunderstandingof climate change science forpolicydecision-making.As such, theUNEPCCSP isorganizedaround four components: Adaptation, Mitigation, REDDþ, and Science and Outreach. Each component has its ownExpectedAccomplishments (direct results expected fromUNEP’s interventions) achieved through Programme ofWorkOutputs (dif- ferent products and services deliveredbyUNEP). InUNEP, Sub-programmes cut across the divisional structure of the organiza- tion and theCCSP is themost cross-cutting of all sub-programmes inUNEP. For instance, theDivision for Technology, Industry andEconomics, based in Paris, is accountable for delivering theMitigation component and theDivisionofEnviron- mental Policy Implementation, based inNairobi,manages themajority of projects under theAdaptation andREDDþ components. TheDivision for EarlyWarning and Assessments, based in Nairobi, is accountable for the delivery of certain assessments and assessment capacity building under the Science and Outreach component. The structural complexity and geographical spread of the CCSP posed specific challenges for the evaluation, as describedbelow. TheCCSPheavily relies on partnerships to drive thework. These partnerships are important both for global efforts, such as the preparation of annual global reports thathelpestablishnormsandtrackprogress inachievingthem,asforefforts at the regional and country level. Partners often bring complementary technical skills and provide access to decisionmaking fora. SinceUNEP is a non-resident agency, it must also rely on operating through partners at the country level. Cooperation with government and other local partners is necessary because the countryprojects/pilots serve thedoublepurposeofdevelopingand testingconcepts and tools, but also tobuild countryownershipandcapacity touse themtopromote in-countryreplication.Alsothisposedchallengesfor theevaluation, inparticular in termsof attribution ofSub-programme results toUNEP. 2UNEP2009,UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeMedium-termStrategy2010–2013:Envi- ronment forDevelopment.Web link: http://www.unep.org/PDF/FinalMTSGCSS-X-8.pdf 96 M.Carbon