Page - (000229) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

Chapter12 Unpacking theBlackBoxofTechnology Distribution,DevelopmentPotential andCarbonMarketsBenefits JasmineHyman Abstract In 2005, the international carbonmarketwas launchedunder theKyoto Protocol, creating an innovative financing design for low-emissions development initiatives. Justover10yearsafter its inception, thecarbonmarketcannowprovide insight on the opportunities and limitations of “blended finance” approaches, whereby private-public partnerships are employed to pursue global development goals such as poverty alleviation and development. Utilizing process-tracing and value chainmethods, this chapter adds granularity to debates onwhether andhow carbonmarkets can support local economicdevelopment, asmeasured through the creation of local enterprises and the support of local livelihoods. It offers a “Livelihood Index” to assess the employment impact of the carbon intervention inorder toaddress thecorequestion:howis thecarboncreditpiedivviedup?Three carbonprojects inCambodia, aimedathousehold level interventions (waterfilters, biodigestersforcookingandfertilizerproduction,andfuel-efficientcookstoves)are evaluated through the livelihood index and results indicate that distribution strate- giesmatter for local economic gains.Distribution strategies to deliver low-carbon technologies within the carbonmarket are currently a “black box”, understudied andundocumented in theproject pipeline; this paper argues that opening theblack boxmaybeuseful for policymakers, standard settingorganizations andacademics interested in promotingpro-poor impacts through carbonmarket interventions. Keywords Carbonmarkets •Waterfilters • Cookstoves • Biodigesters • Climate finance •Climate change •Marketmechanisms J.Hyman (*) School of Forestry&Environmental Studies,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,CT,USA e-mail: jasmine.hyman@yale.edu ©TheAuthor(s) 2017 J.I.Uitto et al. (eds.),EvaluatingClimateChangeAction for Sustainable Development,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-43702-6_12 213