Page - (000259) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

institutions alreadywith relevantmandates can realize ‘rooting’of suchmeasures inside the institutions. 13.6 ContextualConditions Presented above was a series of M-O sequences without taking the contextual conditions into consideration. SuchM-Oonly sequence, if used as it is, presents a deterministic view. Under such view, an underlying mechanism in generating above-mentioned IOs, namely the essence of programme theory, is believed to function everywhere, anytime, regardless of varying contexts. However, realist approach pays closer attention to the contextual conditions that necessarily allow such mechanism to function. In order to identify the contextual conditions, one needs first pay attention to those incidenceswhere the identified theory of change did not work, i.e. those that have generated negative IOs. A general tendency amongst manymeta-analyses of evaluation reports is to report what hasworked in the effort to present so-called “best practices” by paying close attention to successful interventionsandtheirprogrammetheories.Thatapproachrisksmissing lessons from failed interventions or strategies that may have worked only under specific conditions. The section below presents the findings about contextual conditions that have enabled (andnot) a certain theoryof change towork. 13.6.1 Context forRelevance Almost all the evaluative remarks pertaining to the relevance criterion reported positiveoutcomes.Butwhenfocusingonthosefewincidences thatwerereportedto have yielded slightly negative IOs, one can unearth the contextual conditions that mayhavehelpedthis theoryofchange to triggermoresuccessful IOs. In thecaseof Mozambique,even though therehadbeenclosecoordinationandworkingrelation- shipwith thenational and localgovernments, relevanceat a sub-national levelwas notconsideredhigh. In thiscase, localCCAprioritiesmaynothavebeen identified bythelocalgovernmentsandlocalpartners.Similarly, inTurkey,becauseofabrupt insertion of carbon-footprint offsetting activities as part of CCA vulnerability reduction (though it is essentially for climate change mitigation), the relevance level of this programmewasnot evaluated tobe high. From those incidences, one can hypothesize another contextual condition that may have allowed a theory of change (in this case in generating positive IOs for securing a high level of relevance) to work, i.e. that host government and line ministrieshave identifiednationalandsectoralCCApriorities,or fully internalized the programme objectives specifically targeting adaptation. A set of identified CMOconfigurations for relevance criterion is shown inTable 13.3. 13 WhatDoEvaluationsTellUsAboutClimateChangeAdaptation?Meta-analysis. . . 245