Page - (000273) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

sustainable livelihoodframework (IPCC2014a).Hence, climatechangeadaptation interventions are designed not only to implement adaptation actions, but also to change behavior at individual, household, community, country and international levels.TheTPBholdsbehavior tobeanoutcomeofcompeting influencesbalanced anddecideduponby the individual.Direct influencesare thebehavioral intentions, which are also influenced by attitudes towards the interventions, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. It should be noted that the TPBhelps efforts to identifycognitive targets for change, rather thanofferingsuggestionsonhowthese cognitionsmight be changed (Hardemanet al. 2002;Morris et al. 2012). In this project, researchers, governments and NGOs’ extension officers and stakeholder communities’ members were convened in workshops to plan the adaptationM&E,with the intention to use themost significant change technique. Theseworkshopsallowedstakeholders in eachcountry todiscussvariousdomains whereintentionalchangesofbehaviorofparticipants intheplannedfieldadaptation activities were expected, and plan M&E activities accordingly. Stakeholders in eachcountrywereasked to identifydomainsof their lifestyles thatwouldchange if the CCAFS program was successful. The identified domains of change were deliberately left fuzzy to allow people to have different interpretations of what constitutesachangeinthatarea(DaviesandDart2005).Table14.1summarizes the M&Eplans that emerged from the countries’workshops. The predefined domains of changes are inevitably context-specific, reflecting expectations regarding focal communities’ likely changes and evolution during Table 14.1 Summary of the adaptationmonitoring and evaluation plans that emerged for each country Keyelements ofM&E plans BurkinaFaso Ghana Niger Intentional domains of changes D1:Partnership D1:Partnership D1:Partnership D2:Knowledge D2:Knowledge D2:Knowledge D3:Practices D3:Practices D3:Food security D4:Organization D4:Food security Behavioural changes collectionmethods Focusgroup and Individual discussion Focus groupand Individual discussion Focusgroupand Individual discussion Types of behavioural change to collect Individual and col- lective behaviours Individual and col- lectives behaviours Individual and col- lective behaviours Technique for selecting most significant changes Iterative voting Iterative voting Iterative voting Number of stories of changes collected (experimental) 2 collective changes (menandwomen) 2 collective changes (menandwomen) 2 collective changes (menandwomen) 34 individual changes (menand women farmers) 12 individual changes (menand women farmers) 16 individual changes (menand women farmers) Sources:Reports fromworkshops onadaptationM&Eineach country 14 AdaptationProcesses inAgriculture andFoodSecurity: Insights from. . . 259