Page - (000275) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

14.3 Analysis 14.3.1 ConsistencyBetweenPlannedBehavioralTheory and theCCAFSProgram’sObjectives The plans developed for adaptationM&E suggested that involving farmers at the onset would help to clarify the domains of life that adaptation activities can influence. It allowed researchers to become aware of aspects of the beneficiaries’ lifestyle that the technology and training activities they offered were likely to change. This is often lacking in traditional adaptation M&E, which is usually based on biophysical performance indicators. Thus, pre-identifying domains of behavioral change has added value to the quantitative biophysical performance indicators. The results clearly showed that if the CCAFS program resulted in successful adaptationof farming systemsandproduction technologies to changing climatic conditions, farmers would put in place changes in domains including partnership, knowledge, practices, organization, and food security. Thiswas con- sistentwithexpectationsasadaptation isaprocess,and thedevelopmentofadapted farming systems and production technologies requires communities’members to continuously improve knowledge, work in partnership and an organizedmanner, adopt newpractices and (thus) enhance their food security. 14.3.2 IdentifiedBehavioralChangesInducedbytheCCAFS Program inWestAfrica In linewith the theoryofplannedbehavior, outcomesweredefined followingEarl et al. (2001), as changes in the behavior, relationships, activities, or actions of the people, groups, and organizations with whom the CCAFS program directly engages. InWest Africa, the CGIAR’s program for climate change, agriculture and food security works through national agricultural research systems to help farmersdevelopclimate-smart farmingsystems, throughparticipatoryvulnerability assessment and adaptation planning, on-farm trials, training,monitoring and eval- uation.The resultsofbehavioral changesM&Epresentedherecanbeseenasearly or short-termoutcomes of the program (or outcomes towhich it has contributed). Table14.2summarizes thecharacteristicsofbehavioralchangesextractedfromthe stories of changes gathered in 2013. Thesefindings show that bothmenandwomen farmershaveput inplace initial changes in knowledge, agricultural practices, organization, partnership, access to productive assets and food security. Analysis of the collected stories of changes identified a domain of change that was not included in the set identified in the planningstage.Thiswasaccess toproductiveresources, inBurkinaFasoandNiger, where the CCAFS’s adaptation activities have contributed to improve access to on-farmandmedicinal trees forbothmenandwomen.Further theresults showthat 14 AdaptationProcesses inAgriculture andFoodSecurity: Insights from. . . 261