Page - (000286) - in Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

communities themselves were possible at the sub-national (county) and ward (community) levels. 15.2 Approach TheTAMDframeworkis foruse inmanycontextsandatmanyscales toassessand compare the effectiveness of interventions that directly or indirectly assist populations in adapting to climate change. It also provides an explicit framework for two tracks; Track 1 entails assessing the capacity of institutions to undertake effective climate risk management (CRM) actions (also called top-down), while Track 2 entails assessing impacts of interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability and the extent to which such interventions keep development on track (develop- ment performanceor bottom-up) –Fig. 15.1. TheTAMDoperational framework8hasasetofeightcommonlyusedindicators that can be used tomeasure top down/climate riskmanagement processes being implemented by government institutions using a score card (these indicators are further described under the top-down process – Track 1). The operational frame- work then suggests that theories of change (ToCs) be used tomeasure the change pathways fromadaptation interventions todevelopmentperformance inbottomup processes (Track2). It further suggests that linkagesbetweenclimate riskmanage- mentprocessesanddevelopmentperformance/adaptivecapacity canbeshownina ToC.Thus thedevelopmentofToCscanbewithinonetrackorbetweentracks.The researchers therefore chose tomeasure topbottomprocesseswith a score card and ToCstoshowchangesinadaptivecapacityusingbottomupapproaches. Inaddition the researchers used aToC tomake the linkagebetweenTracks 1 and2. 15.2.1 Top-Down (Track1)Process For Track 1, county technical officers from the departments of water, livestock, natural resource management, meteorology, planning and the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA)were brought together to identify and prioritize CRM activities required to build adaptive capacity at community level. These activities were screened from the NDMA strategic plan, the Isiolo County Inte- gratedDevelopmentPlan (ICIDP), and sectoral plans of the county. 8Brooks, N., Anderson, S., Burton, I., Fisher, S., Rai, N., & Tellam, I. (2013). An operational framework for trackingadaptationandmeasuringdevelopment (ClimateChangeWorkingPaper No.5).London,UnitedKingdom: International Institute forEnvironmentalDevelopment (IIED). Retrieved fromhttp://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10038IIED.pdf 15 UsingParticipatoryApproaches inMeasuringResilience andDevelopment in. . . 273