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21 Abstract This chapter outlines the contours of contemporary structural change and economic development along the following lines: in all developing regions agriculture shares of GDP and employment have fallen substantially—albeit they still persist at high levels among the poorest countries; regional manufacturing shares are consistent with deindustrialization or stagnant industrialization in employment shares and value-added; and, service shares of GDP and employment are on an upward trend in general, with the exception of East Asian economic growth, which has been driven by an inter-sectoral movement toward manufacturing. There is also a trend toward greater capital intensity of growth. Further, while in East Asia there have been substantial changes in the composition of exports, this is not the case in all regions. Keywords Deindustrialization · Tertiarization · Service sector · Growth decomposition · Labor productivity · Trade 3.1 A sketch of contemporAry economic development And structurAl trAnsformAtion In this section, a sketch of the empirical experience of economic devel- opment and structural transformation (ST) in the developing world is discussed to set the later discussion in an empirical context. One could CHAPTER 3 Deindustrialization and Tertiarization in the Developing World © The Author(s) 2020 L. Schlogl and A. Sumner, Disrupted Development and the Future of Inequality in the Age of Automation, Rethinking International Development series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30131-6_3