Page - 3 - in Integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on Full-Vehicle Level - Parametrization of an Adaptive Cruise Control System Based on Test Drives

year 1990 2000 2005 2010 20151995 2020 12511 31508 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 fatalities EU28 regression line (2010 - 2013) Figure 1.1.: Fatalities from 1991 until 2013 and forecast for 2020 for the EU 28, adapted from [Eur14a] From SAE level 3 upwards, the system itself is responsible for monitoring the environ- ment. This involves very high requirements for the environmental-recognition sensors. The human driver is still the fallback solution in dynamic situations. In Europe, this level is not permitted. According to the Convention on Road Traffic, drivers must con- trol their vehicle at all times, see chapter 1.1.1. Giesler et al. showed that it takes an average of 2.7s to bring a distracted driver back into the loop, with a maximum time of 8.8s [GT13]. This means that the system has to know about 10s in advance when the driver has to takeover the control of the vehicle, which is one of the challenging topics in the research dealing with highly automated vehicles. SAE level 4 is more or less the same as SAE level 3, with the difference that the human driver is no longer the fallback for dynamic driving tasks. The system has to handle such situations by itself. The fully automated vehicle is just defined in the SAE levels; there is no corresponding BASt level available. Since SAE level 5 systems do not need a human driver, the system has to be able to drive in all situations. 3