Page - 6 - in Integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on Full-Vehicle Level - Parametrization of an Adaptive Cruise Control System Based on Test Drives

1. Introduction These changes should form the legal basis for more highly automated vehicles. With the added paragraph, systems are allowed if the driver can overrule the system or switch it off. 1.1.2. National Laws and Type Approval Forthetypeapproval, vehicleshaveto fulfil regulations, suchasthetheECE Regulations in Europe. For ESC, a special test procedure is described in Annex nine of [Eco11]. The same procedure can be found in United States Law [Nat13b]. In Europe, for the braking function of an ACC or AEB, the system has to conform with the requirements in annex eightofECE-R13-H, [Eco11], whichonlydefines the requirements for thedesignprocess of complex electronic vehicle control systems. No limits are given for physical quantities, e.g. acceleration. 1.1.3. Standards and Consumer Testing Although the requirements derived from standards and consumer testing are not manda- tory, they are still important for vehicle manufacturers. Standards describe the state-of- the-art and are available for most ADAS. For ACC systems, the International Organi- zation for Standardization (ISO) and the SAE have defined standards [Tec10], [Tec09] and [SAE03]. There, ACC systems are divided into different classes, depending on the performance of the environmental-recognition sensor(s). In Europe, the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP) includes certain ADASin itsassessment, includingSeatBeltReminders, SpeedAssistSystems, AEBand LaneSupportSystems, [Eur12,Eur13]. SincetheEuro-NCAPevaluation isan important selling point, car manufacturers are forced to introduce these safety systems in their new vehicles. In [Eur14b], Euro-NCAP announced that more complex tests would be defined in the coming years, since they expect a better system performance due to the extensive research by the car manufacturers. In North America the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) set up standard tests for AEB systems, [Ins13]. The United States New Car Assessment Program (US- NCAP) evaluates ESC [Ins13], LDW and LKS [Nat13c], Forward Collision Warning (FCW) [Nat13a] and AEB [Nat12]. The boundary conditions described in chapters 1.1.1 to 1.1.3 provide only a very rough idea of how to design ADAS. Nevertheless, they have to be fulfilled to ensure conformity with laws and type approval. However, the performance of the ADAS depends on the strategy of the car manufacturer and the design and validation engineers of the system. 6